本文基于stm32l0c8t6芯片和cubemx,利用芯片USART1和USART2的smartcard功能,在不经过ST8024的情况下直接与IC卡和ESAM进行通讯处理。不使用ST8024的主要原因是ST8024功耗比较大,在低功耗应用场景下,性价比并不高。
IC卡卡座与IC卡触点如下所示:
C1:电源电压(VCC)C2:复位RST;C3:时钟CLK;C4未用;C5:GND;C6:编程电压VPP(未用);C7:输入输出I/O;C8:未用。
芯片引脚设置及硬件电路连接为:选用PA9和PA3作为IC和ESAM数据传输口,这两个引脚为USART_TX引脚,模式为smartcard模式,按字节实现双向数据传输。RST选用任意GPIO引脚,推挽输出。CLK选用USART1和USART2smartcard模式下的clk引脚,时钟来源是PCLK1和PCLK2,时钟频率需要正确设置,引脚为PA8和PA4。此外,电源和地均需正确连接。
硬件连接无误后,程序设计如下:
1、时钟设置:
IC卡时钟频率需设置为3.2MHz或3.6MHz,4MHz下通讯异常。波特率为:时钟频率/3720。
以下为USART1和USART2初始化代码,其中,字节长度为9bits,8位数据位,1位偶校验位,1.5位停止位。主频率是32MHz,为了得到3.2MHz的clk,进行10分频,hsmartcard1.Init.Prescaler = 0x05。其他设置如下:
static void MX_USART1_SMARTCARD_Init(void)
{
hsmartcard1.Instance = USART1;
hsmartcard1.Init.BaudRate = HAL_RCC_GetPCLK2Freq()/3720;
hsmartcard1.Init.WordLength = SMARTCARD_WORDLENGTH_9B;
hsmartcard1.Init.StopBits = SMARTCARD_STOPBITS_1_5;
hsmartcard1.Init.Mode = SMARTCARD_MODE_TX_RX;
hsmartcard1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_EVEN;
hsmartcard1.Init.OneBitSampling = SMARTCARD_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_ENABLE;
hsmartcard1.Init.Prescaler = 0x05;
hsmartcard1.Init.GuardTime = 16;
hsmartcard1.Init.NACKEnable = SMARTCARD_NACK_ENABLE;
hsmartcard1.Init.TimeOutEnable = SMARTCARD_TIMEOUT_ENABLE;
//hsmartcard1.Init.BlockLength = 0;
hsmartcard1.Init.AutoRetryCount = 3;
hsmartcard1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = SMARTCARD_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
if (HAL_SMARTCARD_Init(&hsmartcard1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
HAL_SMARTCARD_DeInit(&hsmartcard1);
}
/* USART2 init function */
static void MX_USART2_SMARTCARD_Init(void)
{
hsmartcard2.Instance = USART2;
hsmartcard2.Init.BaudRate = HAL_RCC_GetPCLK1Freq()/3720;
hsmartcard2.Init.WordLength = SMARTCARD_WORDLENGTH_9B;
hsmartcard2.Init.StopBits = SMARTCARD_STOPBITS_1_5;
hsmartcard2.Init.Mode = SMARTCARD_MODE_TX_RX;
hsmartcard2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_EVEN;
hsmartcard2.Init.OneBitSampling = SMARTCARD_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
hsmartcard2.Init.Prescaler = 0x05;
hsmartcard2.Init.GuardTime = 16;
hsmartcard2.Init.NACKEnable = SMARTCARD_NACK_ENABLE;
hsmartcard2.Init.TimeOutEnable = SMARTCARD_TIMEOUT_ENABLE;
//hsmartcard2.Init.BlockLength = 1;
hsmartcard2.Init.AutoRetryCount = 3;
hsmartcard2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = SMARTCARD_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
if (HAL_SMARTCARD_Init(&hsmartcard2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
HAL_SMARTCARD_DeInit(&hsmartcard2);
}
其中,HAL_SMARTCARD_Init函数中初始化了smartcard模式下寄存器等的操作,cubemx会自动生成相关代码。
2、GPIO相关设置如下:
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_10, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_3, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pin : PA0 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PA3 PA5 PA11 PA12 PA15 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PB12 PB4 PB5 PB6
PB7 PB8 PB9 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6
|GPIO_PIN_7|GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
/**USART1 GPIO Configuration
PA8 ------> USART1_CK
PA9 ------> USART1_TX
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_USART1;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_USART1;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
__HAL_RCC_USART2_CLK_ENABLE();
/**USART2 GPIO Configuration
PA2 ------> USART2_TX
PA4 ------> USART2_CK
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_USART2;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_USART2;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
3、插卡检测
笔者在程序中设置的IC卡检测模式为每分钟执行一次IC卡检测函数,检测是否有卡插入,也可以设置为有卡插入则进入中断模式来完成IC卡的检测,功耗更低。定时器函数在这里不再列出,将定时器设为一分钟进入一次卡检测函数,有卡插入则开始执行卡的相关操作。
4、IC卡的复位应答
IC卡插入后,需要先对卡进行复位操作,接收到正确的复位应答信号,则卡复位成功。复位应答信号错误或未收到复位应答信号,则关闭IC卡电源。
卡复位函数及接收复位应答函数:
BOOLEAN Card_Reset()
{
if(gIC_flg&IC_Choose)
{
if( Recv_ATR()) //RECEIVE ANSWER TO RESET
{
return TRUE;
}
else
{
return FALSE;
}
}
else
{ //RESET ESAM
if( Recv_ATR()) //RECEIVE ANSWER TO RESET
{
return TRUE;
}
else
{
return FALSE;
}
}
}
BOOLEAN Recv_ATR()
{
INT8U j;
for(j=0; j<13; j++)
{
RecvBuf[j] = 0;
}
if(gIC_flg&IC_Choose)
{
IC_Poweron();
HAL_SMARTCARD_Receive(&hsmartcard1,RecvBuf,13,1500);
if(RecvBuf[0] == 0x3B) // TS=3B T0=0x69 1(T0)+2(TB1,TC1)+9(T1--T9)
{
Card_errInfo = 0;
}
else
{
Card_errInfo = 0xff;
}
}
else
{
ESAM_Poweron();
if( RecvBuf[0] == 0x3B) // TS=3B T0=0x69
{
Card_errInfo = 0;
}
else
{
Card_errInfo = 0xff;
}
}
if(Card_errInfo == 0)
return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}
卡复位操作函数:
void IC_Poweron()
{
OPEN_IC_SET();
RST_IC_CLR(); //rst引脚清零
Delay10etu();
OPEN_IC_CLR(); //power on
Delay10etu();
HAL_SMARTCARD_Init(&hsmartcard1); //开启时钟
Delay10etu(); //delay 3 etu
Delay10etu();
Delay10etu();
RST_IC_SET(); //rst引脚置1
Delay10etu();
}
卡复位应答正确返回数字第一个字节为3B,则复位正确。
复位成功后,即可根据通讯协议进行卡的操作。