cenos7安装python3.8和pip3最全过程

1,打开服务器的一个文件夹

cd /usr/local/src

2,使用wget从官网下载安装包到此文件夹
在终端下输入命令:

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

3,解压安装包

tar -zxvf Python-3.6.8.tgz

4,进入解压的文件夹

cd Python-3.6.8

5,编译安装包

./configure  --with-ssl --prefix=/usr/local/python
make && make install

6,添加环境变量

echo PATH='/usr/local/python/bin/:$PATH' >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

7,检查是否安装成功(此时未安装成功)

python -V

8,备份原python2.7文件到python2文件夹
在终端中输入命令:

sudomv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2

9,创建python3.6的软链接
在终端中输入命令:

ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

10,备份python2的pip到pip2文件夹
输入命令:

sudo mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip2
#rm -rf /usr/bin/python

11,在终端输入命令:python进行测试(此时python3.6已经安装成功)
12,更改yum对应的python2.7路径
打开yum

vi /usr/bin/yum  

点击i进入编辑模式之后将#!/usr/bin/python 改为#!/usr/bin/python2.7
点击ESC,输入”:wq!“保存修改
输入命令:sudo yum search pip进行yum测试
13,如在以下安装pip过程中报错SyntaxError: invalid syntax

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

同样将#!/usr/bin/python 改为#!/usr/bin/python2.7
14,安装pip3
14.1.安装相关依赖

sudo yum install openssl-devel -y 
sudo yum install zlib-devel -y

14.2.安装setuptools

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26 

tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz 
cd setuptools-19.6
sudo python setup.py build 
sudo python setup.py install

14.3.安装pip

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb 

tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz 
cd pip-8.0.2 
python setup.py build 
sudo python setup.py install
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip3

14.4.测试

pip3 -V

14.5 pip升版

pip3 install --upgrade pip==19.0.1

15,安装虚拟环境
pip3 install virtuanenv
virtualenv testenv
如果报错用以下命令
#/usr/local/python/bin/virtualenv testenv
testenv激活方式:
cd /usr/bin/pyenv/testenv/bin
source activate

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