python初学者 笔记四 jieba库的使用(有实例)

注：本文非标准教程，仅是总结个人学习过程，可能存在纰漏，如有错误之处欢迎留言告知，非常感谢
来自：中国大学mooc 《Python语言程序设计》北京理工大学 嵩天、黄天羽、礼欣

jieba库概述

jieba是优秀的中文分词第三方库

• 中文文本需要通过分词获得单个的词语
• jieba是优秀的中文分词第三方库，需要额外安装
• jieba库提供三种分词模式，最简单只需掌握一个函数

jieba库的安装

(cmd命令行) pip install jieba

jieba分词的三种模式

精确模式、全模式、搜索引擎模式

• 精确模式：把文本精确的切分开，不存在冗余单词
• 全模式：把文本中所有可能的词语都扫描出来，有冗余
• 搜索引擎模式：在精确模式基础上，对长词再次切分

jieba库常用函数

文本词频统计

英文文本：Hamet 分析词频
https://python123.io/resources/pye/hamlet.txt

#CalHamletV1.py
def getText():
    txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
    txt = txt.lower()
    for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~':
        txt = txt.replace(ch, " ")   #将文本中特殊字符替换为空格
    return txt
 
hamletTxt = getText()
words  = hamletTxt.split()
counts = {}
for word in words:           
    counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

中文文本：《三国演义》 分析人物
https://python123.io/resources/pye/threekingdoms.txt

《三国演义》人物出场统计 第一个版本

#CalThreeKingdomsV1.py
import jieba
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    else:
        counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(15):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

《三国演义》人物出场统计 第二个版本

#CalThreeKingdomsV2.py
import jieba
excludes = {"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此"}
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
        rword = "孔明"
    elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
        rword = "关羽"
    elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
        rword = "刘备"
    elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相":
        rword = "曹操"
    else:
        rword = word
    counts[rword] = counts.get(rword,0) + 1
for word in excludes:
    del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))