java 实现分布式雪花算法SnowFlake

Twitter的雪花算法SnowFlake,使用Java语言实现。
  • SnowFlake算法产生的ID是一个64位的整型
0 - 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 - 00000 - 00000 - 000000000000

1位标识部分,在java中由于long的最高位是符号位,正数是0,负数是1,一般生成的ID为正数,所以为0;

41位时间戳部分,这个是毫秒级的时间,一般实现上不会存储当前的时间戳,而是时间戳的差值(当前时间-固定的开始时间),这样可以使产生的ID从更小值开始;41位的时间戳可以使用69年,(1L << 41) / (1000L * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365) = 69年;

10位节点部分,Twitter实现中使用前5位作为数据中心标识,后5位作为机器标识,可以部署1024个节点;

12位序列号部分,支持同一毫秒内同一个节点可以生成4096个ID;

分布式系统中,有一些需要使用全局唯一ID的场景,这种时候为了防止ID冲突可以使用36位的UUID,但是UUID有一些缺点,首先他相对比较长,另外UUID一般是无序的。SnowFlake算法生成的ID大致上是按照时间递增的,用在分布式系统中时,需要注意数据中心标识和机器标识必须唯一,这样就能保证每个节点生成的ID都是唯一的。snowflake每秒能够产生26万个ID。

具体代码如下:

package com.mt.config;

import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2019/8/19.
 */
public class SnowFlake {


    // 时间起始标记点,作为基准,一般取系统的最近时间(一旦确定不能变动)
    private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
    // 机器标识位数
    private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
    // 数据中心标识位数
    private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
    // 机器ID最大值
    private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    // 数据中心ID最大值
    private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
    // 毫秒内自增位
    private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
    // 机器ID偏左移12位
    private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    // 数据中心ID左移17位
    private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    // 时间毫秒左移22位
    private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;

    private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
    /* 上次生产id时间戳 */
    private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
    // 0,并发控制
    private long sequence = 0L;

    private final long workerId;
    // 数据标识id部分
    private final long datacenterId;

    public SnowFlake(){
        this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);
        this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);
    }
    /**
     * @param workerId
     *            工作机器ID
     * @param datacenterId
     *            序列号
     */
    public SnowFlake(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
        }
        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }
    /**
     * 获取下一个ID
     *
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }

        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            // 当前毫秒内,则+1
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                // 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0L;
        }
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        // ID偏移组合生成最终的ID,并返回ID
        long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)
                | (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)
                | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;

        return nextId;
    }

    private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = this.timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = this.timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    private long timeGen() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    /**
     * 

* 获取 maxWorkerId *

*/ protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) { StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer(); mpid.append(datacenterId); String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName(); if (!name.isEmpty()) { /* * GET jvmPid */ mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]); } /* * MAC + PID 的 hashcode 获取16个低位 */ return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1); } /** *

* 数据标识id部分 *

*/ protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) { long id = 0L; try { InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip); if (network == null) { id = 1L; } else { byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress(); id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1]) | (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6; id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage()); } return id; } }
测试结果(直接调用nextId()):
1163382144978882583
1163382144978882584
1163382144978882585
1163382144978882586
1163382144978882587
1163382144978882588
1163382144978882589
1163382144978882590
1163382144978882591
1163382144978882592
1163382144978882593
1163382144978882594
1163382144978882595
1163382144978882596
1163382144978882597
1163382144978882598
1163382144978882599
1163382144978882600
1163382144978882601
1163382144978882602
1163382144978882603
1163382144978882604
1163382144978882605

你可能感兴趣的:(java)