ORM是Django的核心思想,“Object Relational Mapping”,即对象-关系映射,用于简化SQL操作,把数据库的操作封装到类里面,把表名映射成类,把字段映射为属性,把行(数据)映射为实例。
class ModelMetaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
mappings = dict()
# 判断是否需要保存
for k, v in attrs.items():
# 判断是否是指定的StringField或者IntegerField的实例对象
if isinstance(v, tuple):
print('Found mapping: %s ==> %s' % (k, v))
mappings[k] = v
# 删除这些已经在字典中存储的属性
for k in mappings.keys():
attrs.pop(k)
# 将之前的uid/name/email/password以及对应的对象引用、类名字
attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings # 保存属性和列的映射关系
attrs['__table__'] = name # 假设表名和类名一致
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
class User(metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
uid = ('uid', "int unsigned")
name = ('username', "varchar(30)")
email = ('email', "varchar(30)")
password = ('password', "varchar(30)")
# 当指定元类之后,以上的类属性将不在类中,而是在__mappings__属性指定的字典中存储
# 以上User类中有
# __mappings__ = {
# "uid": ('uid', "int unsigned")
# "name": ('username', "varchar(30)")
# "email": ('email', "varchar(30)")
# "password": ('password', "varchar(30)")
# }
# __table__ = "User"
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for name, value in kwargs.items():
setattr(self, name, value)
def save(self):
fields = []
args = []
for k, v in self.__mappings__.items():
fields.append(v[0])
args.append(getattr(self, k, None))
args_temp = list()
for temp in args:
# 判断入如果是数字类型
if isinstance(temp, int):
args_temp.append(str(temp))
elif isinstance(temp, str):
args_temp.append("""'%s'""" % temp)
sql = 'insert into %s (%s) values (%s)' % (self.__table__, ','.join(fields), ','.join(args_temp))
print('SQL: %s' % sql)
u = User(uid=12345, name='Michael', email='[email protected]', password='my-pwd')
# print(u.__dict__)
u.save()
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