Django常用方法学习

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在Python中使用Token

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import time
from django.core import signing
import hashlib
from django.core.cache import cache

# alg使用的算法
HEADER = {'typ': 'JWP', 'alg': 'default'}
TOKEN_KEY = 'solomon_world_token'
TOKEN_SALT = '[email protected]'
TIME_OUT = 30 * 60


# 加密
def encrypt(obj):
    value = signing.dumps(obj, key=TOKEN_KEY, salt=TOKEN_SALT)
    value = signing.b64_encode(value.encode()).decode()
    return value


# 解密
def decrypt(src):
    src = signing.b64_decode(src.encode()).decode()
    raw = signing.loads(src, key=TOKEN_KEY, salt=TOKEN_SALT)
    print(type(raw))
    return raw


# 生成token信息
def create_token(username, password):
    # 1. 加密头信息
    header = encrypt(HEADER)
    # 2. 构造Payload
    payload = {
        "username": username,
        "password": password,
        "iat": time.time()
    }
    payload = encrypt(payload)
    # 3. 生成签名
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(("%s.%s" % (header, payload)).encode())
    signature = md5.hexdigest()
    token = "%s.%s.%s" % (header, payload, signature)
    # 4.存储到缓存中
    cache.set(username, token, TIME_OUT)
    return token


def get_payload(token):
    payload = str(token).split('.')[1]
    payload = decrypt(payload)
    return payload


# 通过token获取用户名
def get_username(token):
    payload = get_payload(token)
    return payload['username']
    pass


def check_token(token):
    username = get_username(token)
    print('username', username)
    last_token = cache.get(username)
    if last_token:
        return last_token == token
    return False

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生成图片验证码 Captcha

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class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    # 为生成的验证码图片，以及输入框.
    # captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={'invalid': '验证码输入有误'})
    captcha = CaptchaField()

def get_captcha(request):
    # 生成验证码表单
    register_form = RegisterForm()
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'register_form': register_form})

在HTML中

<div>
    <form action='.' method='POST'>
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ register_form.captcha }}
        <input type="submit" />
        <button class='js-captcha-refresh'>刷新图片</button>
    </form>
</div>

urlpatterns += [
    path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
]

Django中的单元测试

# 找出没有被测试过的函数和代码行
from django.test import TestCase
from api.models import User
from django.urls import reverse


# 测试User表正常工作
class TestUserModel(TestCase):

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        # 测试前的准备工作
        user = User(username='solomon', password='147258Wang.')
        user.save()

    def test_user_model(self):
        # 使用被测试提供的类进行一定操作
        result = User.objects.get(username='solomon')
        self.assertEqual(result.password, '147258Wang.')

class TestBlogIndex(TestCase):

    def test_blog_get(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('api:blog'))
        print('response code > ', response.status_code)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_blog_post(self):
        response = self.client.post(reverse('api:blog'), data={
            'title': 'Django by example 2',
            'author': 'solomon wang',
            'description': 'learning django framework',
        })
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

在HTML中使用Form

<div>
    <form action="" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>
            <label>title</label>
            <input type="text" name="title">
        </p>
        <p>
            <label>author</label>
            <input type="text" name="author">
        </p>
        <p>
            <label>description</label>
            <input type="text" name="description">
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="save">
    </form>
</div>

在Django视图中

def HelloBlog(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'blog.html')

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        author = request.POST.get('author')
        description = request.POST.get('description')
        blog_object = models.Blog(title=title, author=author, description=description)
        blog_object.save()
        return JsonResponse({'code': 100100, 'message': '数据成功保存'}, status=200)

    else:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 100101, 'message': '请求方法出错'}, status=404)