Docker开源镜像仓具Harbor下载安装指南
Installation and Configuration Guide
Harbor can be installed by one of two approaches:
-
Online installer: The installer downloads Harbor's images from Docker hub. For this reason, the installer is very small in size.
-
Offline installer: Use this installer when the host does not have an Internet connection. The installer contains pre-built images so its size is larger.
All installers can be downloaded from the official release page.
This guide describes the steps to install and configure Harbor by using the online or offline installer. The installation processes are almost the same.
If you run a previous version of Harbor, you may need to update harbor.yml and migrate the data to fit the new database schema. For more details, please refer to Harbor Migration Guide.
In addition, the deployment instructions on Kubernetes has been created by the community. Refer to Harbor on Kubernetes for details.
Prerequisites for the target host
Harbor is deployed as several Docker containers, and, therefore, can be deployed on any Linux distribution that supports Docker. The target host requires Docker, and Docker Compose to be installed.
Hardware
| Resource | Capacity | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | minimal 2 CPU | 4 CPU is preferred |
| Mem | minimal 4GB | 8GB is preferred |
| Disk | minimal 40GB | 160GB is preferred |
Software
| Software | Version | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Docker engine | version 17.06.0-ce+ or higher | For installation instructions, please refer to: docker engine doc |
| Docker Compose | version 1.18.0 or higher | For installation instructions, please refer to: docker compose doc |
| Openssl | latest is preferred | Generate certificate and keys for Harbor |
Network ports
| Port | Protocol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 443 | HTTPS | Harbor portal and core API will accept requests on this port for https protocol, this port can change in config file |
| 4443 | HTTPS | Connections to the Docker Content Trust service for Harbor, only needed when Notary is enabled, This port can change in config file |
| 80 | HTTP | Harbor portal and core API will accept requests on this port for http protocol |
Installation Steps
The installation steps boil down to the following
- Download the installer;
- Configure harbor.yml;
- Run install.sh to install and start Harbor;
Downloading the installer:
The binary of the installer can be downloaded from the release page. Choose either online or offline installer. Use tarcommand to extract the package.
Online installer:
$ tar xvf harbor-online-installer-.tgz
Offline installer:
$ tar xvf harbor-offline-installer-.tgz
Configuring Harbor
Configuration parameters are located in the file harbor.yml.
There are two categories of parameters, required parameters and optional parameters.
-
System level parameters: These parameters are required to be set in the configuration file. They will take effect if a user updates them in
harbor.ymland run theinstall.shscript to reinstall Harbor. -
User level parameters: These parameters can update after the first time harbor started on Web Portal. In particular, you must set the desired auth_mode before registering or creating any new users in Harbor. When there are users in the system (besides the default admin user), auth_mode cannot be changed.
The parameters are described below - note that at the very least, you will need to change the hostname attribute.
Required parameters
-
hostname: The target host's hostname, which is used to access the Portal and the registry service. It should be the IP address or the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of your target machine, e.g.,
192.168.1.10orreg.yourdomain.com. Do NOT uselocalhostor127.0.0.1for the hostname - the registry service needs to be accessible by external clients! -
data_volume: The location to store harbor's data.
-
harbor_admin_password: The administrator's initial password. This password only takes effect for the first time Harbor launches. After that, this setting is ignored and the administrator's password should be set in the Portal. Note that the default username/password are admin/Harbor12345 .
-
database: the configs related to local database
- password: The root password for the PostgreSQL database used for db_auth. Change this password for any production use!
-
jobservice: jobservice related service
- max_job_workers: The maximum number of replication workers in job service. For each image replication job, a worker synchronizes all tags of a repository to the remote destination. Increasing this number allows more concurrent replication jobs in the system. However, since each worker consumes a certain amount of network/CPU/IO resources, please carefully pick the value of this attribute based on the hardware resource of the host.
-
log: log related url
- level: log level, options are debug, info, warning, error, fatal
- rotate_count: Log files are rotated rotate_count times before being removed. If count is 0, old versions are removed rather than rotated.
- rotate_size: Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger than rotate_size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes. If the M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G are all valid.
- location: he directory to store store log
optional parameters
-
http:
- port : the port number of you http
-
https: The protocol used to access the Portal and the token/notification service. If Notary is enabled, has to set to https. refer to Configuring Harbor with HTTPS Access.
- port: port number for https
- certificate: The path of SSL certificate, it's applied only when the protocol is set to https.
- private_key: The path of SSL key, it's applied only when the protocol is set to https.
-
external_url: Enable it if use external proxy, and when it enabled the hostname will no longer used
-
clair: Clair related configs
- updaters_interval: The interval of clair updaters, the unit is hour, set to 0 to disable the updaters
- http_proxy: Config http proxy for Clair, e.g.
http://my.proxy.com:3128. - https_proxy: Config https proxy for Clair, e.g.
http://my.proxy.com:3128. - no_proxy: Config no proxy for Clair, e.g.
127.0.0.1,localhost,core,registry.
-
chart: chart related configs
- absolute_url: if set to enabled chart will use absolute url, otherwise set it to disabled, chart will use relative url.
-
external_database: external database configs, Currently only support POSTGRES.
- harbor: harbor's core database configs
- host: hostname for harbor core database
- port: port of harbor's core database
- db_name: database name of harbor core database
- username: username to connect harbor core database
- password: password to harbor core database
- ssl_mode: is enable ssl mode
- clair: clair's database configs
- host: hostname for clair database
- port: port of clair database
- db_name: database name of clair database
- username: username to connect clair database
- password: password to clair database
- ssl_mode: is enable ssl mode
- notary_signer: notary's signer database configs
- host: hostname for notary signer database
- port: port of notary signer database
- db_name: database name of notary signer database
- username: username to connect notary signer database
- password: password to notary signer database
- ssl_mode: is enable ssl mode
- notary_server:
- host: hostname for notary server database
- port: port of notary server database
- db_name: database name of notary server database
- username: username to connect notary server database
- password: password to notary server database
- ssl_mode: is enable ssl mode
- harbor: harbor's core database configs
-
external_redis: configs for use the external redis
- host: host for external redis
- port: port for external redis
- password: password to connect external host
- registry_db_index: db index for registry use
- jobservice_db_index: db index for jobservice
- chartmuseum_db_index: db index for chartmuseum
Configuring storage backend (optional)
- storage_service: By default, Harbor stores images and chart on your local filesystem. In a production environment, you may consider use other storage backend instead of the local filesystem, like S3, OpenStack Swift, Ceph, etc. These parameters are configurations for registry.
- ca_bundle: The path to the custom root ca certificate, which will be injected into the trust store of registry's and chart repository's containers. This is usually needed when the user hosts a internal storage with self signed certificate.
- provider_name: Storage configs for registry, default is filesystem. for more info about this configuration please refer https://docs.docker.com/registry/configuration/
- redirect:
- disable: set disable to true when you want to disable registry redirect
For example, if you use Openstack Swift as your storage backend, the parameters may look like this:
storage_service:
ca_bundle:
swift:
username: admin
password: ADMIN_PASS
authurl: http://keystone_addr:35357/v3/auth
tenant: admin
domain: default
region: regionOne
container: docker_images"
redirect:
disable: false
NOTE: For detailed information on storage backend of a registry, refer to Registry Configuration Reference .
Finishing installation and starting Harbor
Once harbor.yml and storage backend (optional) are configured, install and start Harbor using the install.sh script. Note that it may take some time for the online installer to download Harbor images from Docker hub.
Default installation (without Notary/Clair)
Harbor has integrated with Notary and Clair (for vulnerability scanning). However, the default installation does not include Notary or Clair service.
$ sudo ./install.sh
If everything worked properly, you should be able to open a browser to visit the admin portal at http://reg.yourdomain.com (change reg.yourdomain.com to the hostname configured in your harbor.yml). Note that the default administrator username/password are admin/Harbor12345.
Log in to the admin portal and create a new project, e.g. myproject. You can then use docker commands to login and push images (By default, the registry server listens on port 80):
$ docker login reg.yourdomain.com $ docker push reg.yourdomain.com/myproject/myrepo:mytag
IMPORTANT: The default installation of Harbor uses HTTP - as such, you will need to add the option --insecure-registryto your client's Docker daemon and restart the Docker service.
Installation with Notary
To install Harbor with Notary service, add a parameter when you run install.sh:
$ sudo ./install.sh --with-notary
Note: For installation with Notary the parameter ui_url_protocol must be set to "https". For configuring HTTPS please refer to the following sections.
More information about Notary and Docker Content Trust, please refer to Docker's documentation.
Installation with Clair
To install Harbor with Clair service, add a parameter when you run install.sh:
$ sudo ./install.sh --with-clair
For more information about Clair, please refer to Clair's documentation: https://coreos.com/clair/docs/2.0.1/
Installation with chart repository service
To install Harbor with chart repository service, add a parameter when you run install.sh:
$ sudo ./install.sh --with-chartmuseum
Note: If you want to install Notary, Clair and chart repository service, you must specify all the parameters in the same command:
$ sudo ./install.sh --with-notary --with-clair --with-chartmuseum
For information on how to use Harbor, please refer to User Guide of Harbor .
Configuring Harbor with HTTPS access
Harbor does not ship with any certificates, and, by default, uses HTTP to serve requests. While this makes it relatively simple to set up and run - especially for a development or testing environment - it is not recommended for a production environment. To enable HTTPS, please refer to Configuring Harbor with HTTPS Access.
Managing Harbor's lifecycle
You can use docker-compose to manage the lifecycle of Harbor. Some useful commands are listed as follows (must run in the same directory as docker-compose.yml).
Stopping Harbor:
$ sudo docker-compose stop Stopping nginx ... done Stopping harbor-portal ... done Stopping harbor-jobservice ... done Stopping harbor-core ... done Stopping registry ... done Stopping redis ... done Stopping registryctl ... done Stopping harbor-db ... done Stopping harbor-log ... done
Restarting Harbor after stopping:
$ sudo docker-compose start Starting log ... done Starting registry ... done Starting registryctl ... done Starting postgresql ... done Starting core ... done Starting portal ... done Starting redis ... done Starting jobservice ... done Starting proxy ... done
To change Harbor's configuration, first stop existing Harbor instance and update harbor.yml. Then run prepare script to populate the configuration. Finally re-create and start Harbor's instance:
$ sudo docker-compose down -v $ vim harbor.yml $ sudo prepare $ sudo docker-compose up -d
Removing Harbor's containers while keeping the image data and Harbor's database files on the file system:
$ sudo docker-compose down -v
Removing Harbor's database and image data (for a clean re-installation):
$ rm -r /data/database $ rm -r /data/registry
Managing lifecycle of Harbor when it's installed with Notary, Clair and chart repository service
If you want to install Notary, Clair and chart repository service together, you should include all the components in the prepare commands:
$ sudo docker-compose down -v $ vim harbor.yml $ sudo prepare --with-notary --with-clair --with-chartmuseum $ sudo docker-compose up -d
Please check the Docker Compose command-line reference for more on docker-compose.
Persistent data and log files
By default, registry data is persisted in the host's /data/ directory. This data remains unchanged even when Harbor's containers are removed and/or recreated, you can edit the data_volume in harbor.yml file to change this directory.
In addition, Harbor uses rsyslog to collect the logs of each container. By default, these log files are stored in the directory /var/log/harbor/ on the target host for troubleshooting, also you can change the log directory in harbor.yml.
Configuring Harbor listening on a customized port
By default, Harbor listens on port 80(HTTP) and 443(HTTPS, if configured) for both admin portal and docker commands, these default ports can configured in harbor.yml
Configuring Harbor using the external database
Currently, only PostgreSQL database is supported by Harbor. To user an external database, just uncomment the external_database section in harbor.yml and fill the necessary information. Four databases are needed to be create first by users for Harbor core, Clair, Notary server and Notary signer. And the tables will be generated automatically when Harbor starting up.
Manage user settings
After release 1.8.0, User settings are separated with system settings, and all user settings should be configured in web console or by HTTP request. Please refer Configure User Settings to config user settings.
Performance tuning
By default, Harbor limits the CPU usage of Clair container to 150000 and avoids its using up all the CPU resources. This is defined in the docker-compose.clair.yml file. You can modify it based on your hardware configuration.
Troubleshooting
- When Harbor does not work properly, run the below commands to find out if all containers of Harbor are in UP status:
$ sudo docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
harbor-core /harbor/start.sh Up
harbor-db /entrypoint.sh postgres Up 5432/tcp
harbor-jobservice /harbor/start.sh Up
harbor-log /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal nginx -g daemon off; Up 80/tcp
nginx nginx -g daemon off; Up 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4443->4443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
redis docker-entrypoint.sh redis ... Up 6379/tcp
registry /entrypoint.sh /etc/regist ... Up 5000/tcp
registryctl /harbor/start.sh Up
If a container is not in UP state, check the log file of that container in directory /var/log/harbor. For example, if the container harbor-core is not running, you should look at the log file core.log.
2.When setting up Harbor behind an nginx proxy or elastic load balancing, look for the line below, in common/config/nginx/nginx.conf and remove it from the sections if the proxy already has similar settings: location /, location /v2/ and location /service/.
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
and re-deploy Harbor refer to the previous section "Managing Harbor's lifecycle".