【文章标题】: 乱涂C#多线程02
【文章作者】: 有酒醉
【作者邮箱】:
[email protected]
【下载地址】: 自己搜索下载
【作者声明】: 只是感兴趣,没有其他目的。失误之处敬请诸位大侠赐教!
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【详细过程】
采用线程池线程执行任务我们无法直接控制线程.有时我们想直接控制线程的行为,那么我们可以创建非线程池线程.
//
ThreadDemo.cs
//
Author by Yzl
using
System;
using
System.Threading;
public
class
ThreadDemo
...
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
...{
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
t.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Priority:" + t.Priority);
Console.WriteLine("ThreadState:" + t.ThreadState);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Hello Main");
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
}
private static void ThreadProc()
...{
for (int i = 0;i < 5; i ++)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Hello ThreadProc");
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
}
}
编译运行:
D:/>csc ThreadDemo.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# .NET 编译器版本 7.10.6001.4
用于 Microsoft (R) .NET Framework 版本 1.1.4322
版权所有 (C) Microsoft Corporation 2001-2002。保留所有权利。
D:/>ThreadDemo
Hello ThreadProc
Priority:Normal
ThreadState:WaitSleepJoin
Hello Main
Hello Main
Hello Main
Hello Main
Hello Main
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
前台线程和后台线程:线程池线程都是后台线程,一般线程创建时默认为前台线程,可以通过Thread.IsBackground属性进行更改.一旦程序中不再有前台线程,Windows将终止该程序.
我们先来看看前台线程
//
ThreadDemo.cs
//
Author by Yzl
using
System;
using
System.Threading;
public
class
ThreadDemo
...
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
...{
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
t.Name = "CustomThread";
//t.IsBackground = true;
t.Start();
}
private static void ThreadProc()
...{
for (int i = 0;i < 5; i ++)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Hello ThreadProc");
Thread.Sleep(800);
}
}
}
D:/>csc ThreadDemo.cs
D:/>ThreadDemo
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
Hello ThreadProc
奇怪!程序并未调用Thread.Join()方法,自定义线程也一样执行完.正常情况下t.Start()执行完后Main也就终结了,整个程序应该退出才是!
接下来我们测试一下后台线程,将下面代码的注释去掉:
//t.IsBackground = true;
重新运行看效果:
D:/>csc ThreadDemo.cs
D:/>ThreadDemo
D:/>
什么结果也没有!!换句话说,只要有一个前台线程,不管Main上代码是否都已经执行,它也将等待其他前台线程执行完毕才退出.如果Main上的代码都已执行同时不存在前台线程,那么程序自动退出.
同样还有一个问题存在,我们更改一下上面的程序:
//
ThreadDemo.cs
//
Author by Yzl
using
System;
using
System.Threading;
public
class
ThreadDemo
...
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
...{
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
t.Name = "CustomThread";
Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground = true; // 注意!设置主线程为后台线程!
Console.WriteLine("the t of thread is Background:" + t.IsBackground); // 注意!
t.Start();
}
private static void ThreadProc()
...{
for (int i = 0;i < 5; i ++)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Hello ThreadProc");
Thread.Sleep(800);
}
}
}
编译运行:
D:/>csc ThreadDemo.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# .NET 编译器版本 7.10.6001.4
用于 Microsoft (R) .NET Framework 版本 1.1.4322
版权所有 (C) Microsoft Corporation 2001-2002。保留所有权利。
D:/>ThreadDemo
the t of thread is Background:False
D:/>
问题1:如果按我们刚才的理解,t是前台线程,Main理应等待线程t完全执行完毕才是,但是结果却什么也没输出!这是什么缘故?暂时还没研究出答案,待我们深入探讨之后在回头看这个问题
非托管线程是通过线程ID来标识的,托管线程则通过散列代码(Thread.GetHashCode())或名称(Thread.Name)来标识.获取当前线程ID采用AppDomain.GetCurrentThreadId().
示例-获取线程ID
//
T.cpp
//
Author by Yzl
#include
<
stdio.h
>
#
using
<
mscorlib.dll
>
using
namespace
System::Threading;
#pragma
managed
__gc
class
ThreadDelagate
...
{
public:
void Start()
...{
ThreadStart *ts = new ThreadStart(this,ThreadProc);
Thread* myThread = new Thread(ts);
myThread->Start();
}
private:
void ThreadProc()
...{
printf("Thread id:%d",System::AppDomain::GetCurrentThreadId());
}
}
;
#pragma
managed
int
main()
...
{
ThreadDelagate *td = new ThreadDelagate;
td->Start();
}
编译运行:
D:/>cl /clr T.cpp
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 13.10.3077 for .NET Framework
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1984-2002. All rights reserved.
T.cpp
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 7.10.3077
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
/out:T.exe
T.obj
D:/>T
Thread id:1800
D:/>
注意!如果将main更改为:
#pragma
unmanaged
int
main()
...
{
ThreadDelagate *td = new ThreadDelagate;
td->Start();
}
编译将得到如下错误:
error C3821: “ThreadDelagate” : 托管类型不能用于非托管函数
error C3169: “td” : 在非托管函数内不能声明托管对象或 __gc 指针
error C3821: “ThreadDelagate” : 托管类型不能用于非托管函数
error C3175: “ThreadDelagate::ThreadDelagate” : 不能从非托管函数“main”调用托管类型的方法
error C3821: “td” : 托管类型不能用于非托管函数
error C3175: “ThreadDelagate::Start” : 不能从非托管函数“main”调用托管类型的方法
原因我就不多讲.很明朗!因此,如果要操纵托管线程ID,需先把它保存起来,然后在非托管代码中进行应用.
示例-枚举非托管线程(ProcessThread表示操作系统进程线程)
//
ProcessThreadDemo.cs
//
Author by Yzl
using
System;
using
System.Diagnostics;
public
class
ProcessThreadDemo
...
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
...{
Console.ReadLine();
ProcessThreadCollection ptCollection = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Threads;
Console.WriteLine("{0} threads in process",ptCollection.Count);
foreach (ProcessThread pt in ptCollection)
...{
Console.WriteLine("ID:{0},State:{1},Priority:{2}",pt.Id,pt.ThreadState,pt.PriorityLevel);
}
}
}
编译运行:
D:/>ProcessThreadDemo
h
7 threads in process
ID:3700,State:Running,Priority:Normal
ID:1076,State:Wait,Priority:Normal
ID:452,State:Wait,Priority:Highest
ID:2292,State:Wait,Priority:Normal
ID:3872,State:Wait,Priority:Normal
ID:2952,State:Wait,Priority:Normal
ID:996,State:Wait,Priority:Normal
通过枚举的方式我们发现该程序存在7个线程,但是在运行初期,我们通过任务管理器发现它的线程数才3个!这是什么原因呢?原来在枚举进程线程的操作实际上会使CLR创建更多的线程,用以执行此枚举操作!!
<续>
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【版权声明】: 本文原创于泉州软件基地, 转载请注明作者并保持文章的完整, 谢谢!
2007年02月07日 21:56:23