android 安装包大小优化

一、如何优化？

1:确定需要优化哪些内容

 使用android APK Analyze分析APK各个部分的大小，5.1.1版本apk大小分布如下：

        

                分析的结果是需要优化三个地方

1. res(app资源包括图片和xml资源)           
2. classes.dex(javac编译后的文件)   
3. 引入的第三方lib库

1.1：res优化

         1.1.1   使用TinyPNG对图片资源进行压缩

         tinypng 是一个支持压缩png和jpg图片格式的网站，通过其独特的算法（通过一种叫“量化”的技术，把原本png文件的24位真彩色压缩为8位的索引演示，是一 种矢量压缩方法，把颜色值用数值123等代替。）

可以实现在无损压缩的情况下图片文件大小缩小到原来的30%-50%。

          使用TinyPNG对大小超过10KB的图片进行压缩，处理的结果是apk大小减少了0.6M左右

         

         1.1.2   使用Android lint对代码中无用的资源进行清理

         在项目中，点击菜单栏的Analyze -> Run Inspection by Name ...  →输入unused resources  lint分析删除的资源约0.2M

         

         1.1.3   只保留中文相关的资源

         在android support库中包含了国际化的字符串，点评管家现在不需要支持国际化， 所以对除中文以外的资源进行删除

         在module下的builde.gradle文件中的defaultConfig闭包中加入 ：

    resConfigs "zh-rCN"

        1.1.4  配合ProGuard工具使用shrinkResources对无用代码清理后的无引用资源的清理

         在proguard工具删除项目中没有使用到的class和class中的成员之后，会产生一些没有被引用到的资源需要被删除，在

         build.gradle中编译release版本时加入 shrinkResources true 来开启缩减无用资源的功能

         

buildTypes { release { shrinkResources true minifyEnabled true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' debuggable false jniDebuggable false renderscriptDebuggable false } }

1.2:class.dex优化

   自定义proguard规则在proguard-rules.pro中指定哪些类和哪些类的成员需要被保留，不能被删除和重命名。

   具体的规则如下：

-ignorewarnings ##start------------------------------android系统相关---------------------------------------------- -keep public class * extends android.app.Activity -keep public class * extends android.app.Application -keep public class * extends android.app.Service -keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver -keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider -keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper -keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference -keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService ##end------------------------------android系统相关------------------------------------------------- ##start---------------------------Context----------------------------------------------------------- -keepclassmembers class * extends android.content.Context { public void *(android.view.View); public void *(android.view.MenuItem); } ##end-----------------------------Context----------------------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------枚举类不混淆-------------------------------------------------- -keepclassmembers enum * { public static **[] values(); public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String); } ##end----------------------------------枚举类不混淆------------------------------------------------ ##start------------------------------继承自View的控件---------------------------------------------- -keep public class * extends android.view.View { public (android.content.Context); public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet); public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int); public *** set*(...); public *** get*(...); } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet); } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int); } ##end------------------------------继承自View的控件------------------------------------------------ ##start-----------------------------native方法---------------------------------------------------- -keepclasseswithmembernames,includedescriptorclasses class * { native ; } -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { native ; } ##end--------------------------------native方法-------------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------Parcelable CREATOR变量--------------------------------------- -keepclassmembers class * implements android.os.Parcelable { static ** CREATOR; } -keepclassmembers class * implements android.os.Parcelable { public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator CREATOR; } ##end------------------------------Parcelable CREATOR变量----------------------------------------- ##start-----------------------------Serializable---------------------------------------------------- #保持 Serializable 不被混淆 -keepnames class * implements java.io.Serializable #保持 Serializable 不被混淆并且enum 类也不被混淆 -keepclassmembers class * implements java.io.Serializable { static final long serialVersionUID; private static final java.io.ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields; !static !transient ; !private ; !private ; private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream); private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream); java.lang.Object writeReplace(); java.lang.Object readResolve(); } ##end--------------------------------Serializable--------------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------R文件的静态成员----------------------------------------------- -keep class **.R$* { public static ; } -keep class **.R ##end------------------------------R文件静态成员--------------------------------------------------- ##start-----------------------------EventBus-------------------------------------------------------- -keepclassmembers class ** { @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe ; } -keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; } -keep class de.greenrobot.event.** {*;} -keepclassmembers class ** { public void onEvent*(**); void onEvent*(**); } ##end-------------------------------EventBus-------------------------------------------------------- ##start-----------------------------使用keep相关注解----------------------------------------------- -keep class android.support.annotation.Keep -keep @android.support.annotation.Keep class * {*;} -keepclasseswithmembers class * { @android.support.annotation.Keep ; } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { @android.support.annotation.Keep ; } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { @android.support.annotation.Keep (...); } ##end--------------------------------使用keep相关注解---------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------alipapy-------------------------------------------------------- #paysdk-alipay (实际测试，不写支付宝的keep也可以支付宝支付。不过还是按照支付宝文档写上吧) -keep class com.alipay.android.app.IAlixPay{*;} -keep class com.alipay.android.app.IAlixPay$Stub{*;} -keep class com.alipay.android.app.IRemoteServiceCallback{*;} -keep class com.alipay.android.app.IRemoteServiceCallback$Stub{*;} -keep class com.alipay.sdk.app.PayTask{ public *;} -keep class com.alipay.sdk.app.AuthTask{ public *;} ##end--------------------------------alipay--------------------------------------------------------- ##不混淆泛型 -keepattributes Signature ##不混淆注解 -keepattributes *Annotation* ##抛出异常时保留代码行号，在异常分析中可以方便定位 -keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable ##end---------------------------------keepattributes相关------------------------------------------ ##start---------------------------------华为push-------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.huawei.android.pushagent.**{*;} -keep class com.huawei.android.pushselfshow.**{*;} -keep class com.huawei.android.microkernel.**{*;} -dontwarn com.huawei.android.pushagent.** -dontwarn com.huawei.android.pushselfshow.** -dontwarn com.huawei.android.microkernel.Activator ##end-------------------------------------华为push------------------------------------------------ ##start----------------------------greendao--------------------------------------------------------- -keep class de.greenrobot.dao.** {*;} #保持greenDao的方法不被混淆 用来保持生成的表名不被混淆 -keepclassmembers class * extends de.greenrobot.dao.AbstractDao { public static java.lang.String TABLENAME; } -keep class **$Properties ##end-------------------------------greendao-------------------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------百度地图----------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.baidu.mapapi.**{*;} ##end---------------------------------百度地图---------------------------------------------------- ##start--------------------------实体model------------------------------------------------------- #gauserinfo -keep class com.dianping.widget.view.GAUserInfo{*;} ##不混淆model文件夹及其子文件夹下的java文件 -keepnames class com.dianping**model.**{ *; } ##不混淆entity文件夹及其子文件夹下的java文件 -keepnames class com.dianping**entity.**{ *; } ##end------------------------------实体model----------------------------------------------------- ##start----------------------------SNAPSHOT--------------------------------------------------------- ##com.meituan.android.common.analyse:library:2.4.4-SNAPSHOT -keep class com.meituan.android.common.analyse.mtanalyse.dao.* { ; } -keep class com.meituan.android.common.analyse.mtanalyse.bean.* { *; } ##end-------------------------------SNAPSHOT-------------------------------------------------------- ##start------------------------------微信--------------------------------------------------------- #weixin-libammsdk.jar #If you use obfuscated code, add the following to proguard.cfg to ensure that your app runs properly: -keep class com.tencent.mm.sdk.modelmsg.WXMediaMessage {*;} -keep class com.tencent.mm.sdk.modelmsg.** implements com.tencent.mm.sdk.modelmsg.WXMediaMessage$IMediaObject {*;} ##end--------------------------------微信--------------------------------------------------------- ##start---------------------------gson-------------------------------------------------------------- -keep class sun.misc.Unsafe { *; } ##注意需要指定所要Keep的Model ##end-----------------------------gson-------------------------------------------------------------- ##start---------------------------support-v4-------------------------------------------------------- -keep class android.support.v4.app.Fragment{*;} -keep class * extends android.support.v4.app.Fragment{*;} ##end------------------------------support-v4------------------------------------------------------- ##start-----------------------------反射相关------------------------------------------------------ ##Field childFragmentManager = Fragment.class.getDeclaredField("mChildFragmentManager"); ##Method mth = cls.getDeclaredMethod("isInBackStack"); -keep class android.support.v4.app.Fragment{ ** mChildFragmentManager; final ** isInBackStack(); } ##Field scrollerField = ViewPager.class.getDeclaredField("mScroller"); ##Field interpolatorField = ViewPager.class.getDeclaredField("sInterpolator"); -keep class android.support.v4.view.ViewPager{ private ** mScroller; private static final ** sInterpolator; } ##Field field = dialogInterface.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("mShowing"); -keep class android.app.Dialog{ private ** mShowing; } ##Method getGaUserInfo = view.getClass().getMethod("getGAUserInfo"); ##Method getGAString = view.getClass().getMethod("getGAString"); -keep class **Nova*{ public ** getGAUserInfo(); public ** getGAString(); } ##Method m = WebView.class.getMethod("setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled", Boolean.TYPE); -keep class **.WebView{ ** setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(...); } ##Method m = MessageQueue.class.getDeclaredMethod("next"); -keep class android.os.MessageQueue{ ** next(); } ##Method method = Message.class.getDeclaredMethod("recycleUnchecked"); -keep class android.os.Message{ ** recycleUnchecked(); } ##end--------------------------------反射相关----------------------------------------------------- ##start--------------------------科大讯飞语音------------------------------------------------------ -keep class com.iflytek.cloud.**{*;} -keep class com.iflytek.msc.**{*;} -keep interface com.iflytek.**{*;} ##end-----------------------------科大讯飞语音----------------------------------------------------- ##start--------------------------@android.webkit.JavascriptInterface注解的方法--------------------- -keepclassmembers class * { @android.webkit.JavascriptInterface ; } ##end-----------------------------@android.webkit.JavascriptInterface注解的方法-------------------- ##start-------------------------依赖注入roboguice2.0---------------------------------------------- -keep class com.google.inject.**{ *; } -keep public class roboguice.**{ *; } -keep class * extends com.google.inject.Module{ *; } -keepclassmembers class * { @javax.inject.Inject (...); @com.google.inject.Inject (...); @javax.inject.Inject ; @com.google.inject.Inject ; (); } ##end---------------------------依赖注入roboguice2.0---------------------------------------------- ##start----------------------------小米----------------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.dianping.base.push.pushservice.MiPushMessageReceiver {*;} ##end--------------------------------小米--------------------------------------------------------- ##start--------------------------新浪微博--------------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.sina.weibo.sdk.**{*;} ##end-----------------------------新浪微博-------------------------------------------------------- ##start-------------------------下拉刷新---------------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.handmark.pulltorefresh.library.**{ *; } ##end----------------------------下拉刷新--------------------------------------------------------- ##start---------------------------腾讯上传-------------------------------------------------------- #for tencent upload sdk -keep class * extends com.qq.taf.jce.JceStruct { *; } ##end-------------------------------腾讯上传------------------------------------------------------ ##start-----------------------------其它---------------------------------------------------------- -keep class com.dianping.picasso.ParsingJSHelper{*;} -keep class org.mozilla.javascript.** { *; } ##end--------------------------------其它--------------------------------------------------------- ########################################抑制警告################################################## -dontwarn org.apache.thrift.transport.* -dontwarn org.apache.thrift.server.* -dontwarn org.apache.http.entity.mime.** -dontwarn org.slf4j.* -dontwarn okio.DeflaterSink -dontwarn okio.Okio -dontwarn uk.co.senab.photoview.** -dontwarn com.squareup.okhttp.internal.huc.** -dontwarn com.meituan.android.common.fingerprint.** -dontwarn com.alipay.android.phone.mrpc.core.i -dontwarn com.tencent.tencentmap.mapsdk.maps.a.au -dontwarn com.tencent.tencentmap.mapsdk.maps.a.bc -dontwarn com.tencent.tencentmap.mapsdk.maps.a.co -dontwarn com.qihoo.** -dontwarn com.handmark.pulltorefresh.library.** ########################################抑制警告################################################## -dontnote **

在开启混淆之后会自动生成四个文件：

1.  dump.txt 用于描述每个class的文件结构
2. mapping.txt 用于描述混淆前和混淆后的映射关系
3. seeds.txt用于描述哪些类和成员没有被混淆
4. usage.txt用于描述哪些类和类成员被删除

通过分析这些文件就可以了解混淆的细节 apk大小如下：

1.3:第三方lib库的清理

1.3.2:只保留apk包中lib下的armabi目录

在builde.gradle中加入

ndk {
    //如果需要在模拟器上运行替换下行为
 // abiFilters "armeabi","x86"
 abiFilters "armeabi"
}

2:优化后的各个部分的对比