树莓派3b+安装home assistant

树莓派3b+安装home assistant

  1. 安装树莓派操作系统

参考网站教程:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39449466/article/details/80686835

    1. 下载操作系统

官网下载RASPBIAN STRETCH WITH DESKTOP版本

地址:https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/

下载后文件为:2018-10-09-raspbian-stretch.zip,大小:1.33 GB

解压后文件为:2018-10-09-raspbian-stretch.img,大小:3.85 GB

    1. 下载SD卡格式化软件

名称:SD card formatter , SD_CardFormatter0500SetupEN.exe

大小:6.67 MB

下载地址:https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/index.html

安装好后,选择sd卡后,直接点quick format就行。

    1. 下载SD卡烧录软件

名称:win32diskimager , win32diskimager-1.0.0-install.exe

大小:11.9 MB

下载地址:

https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/win32diskimager/Archive/win32diskimager-1.0.0-install.exe

安装好后,选择sd卡,选择刚刚解压的img文件,直接点写入就行。

    1. 修改配置,支持HDMI

在SD卡的根目录下,找到config.txt,打开把下面的#注释取消就行了。

# uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output

hdmi_force_hotplug=1#

    1. 修改配置,支持SSH

打开cmd命令窗口,输入SD卡所在盘符,输入echo >ssh。

因为目前官方系统默认不开启ssh,在根目录下建立这个文件可以ssh了。

    1. 插入SD卡

将SD拔出,插入树莓派中,上电启动树莓派。

  1. 第一次启动配置
    1. 配置时区、语言、wifi等

按照图形界面的提示,把这些都配置好就行了

    1. 扩展系统空间

在ssh中输入:

sudo raspi-config

然后选择第一个ExpandFilesystem。OK

    1. 更改密码

如果之前改过密码了,那么就不用改了,没改的话,按照下面改密码。

如果刚才的设置界面没退出 选择 2 Change User Password就可以

如果刚才退出了 再次输入sudo raspi-config就行了

  1. 更换系统国内源

参考地址:

https://bbs.hassbian.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=4013&highlight=%E6%A0%91%E8%8E%93%E6%B4%BE%2B%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F

    1. 修改树莓派Raspbian 系统源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

如下:注意要看自己的系统版本(stretch)

#deb http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi

# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'

#deb-src http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi

#deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi

#科大源

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi 

    1. 修改debian软件源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

 

如下:

#deb http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ stretch main ui

# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'

#deb-src http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ stretch main ui

#deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main ui

#科大源

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ stretch main ui

 

    1. 更改pip的国内的源

我的pip配置文件在/etc/pip.conf

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nano /etc/pip.conf

把原来的用#注释掉,然后在配置文件中写入

 

[global]

index-url = https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

 

[install]

trusted-host = pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

保存后,执行

sudo apt-get update

  1. 配置VNC

按照树莓派官网教程来做

地址:https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/vnc/

    1. Enabling VNC Server(安装VNC服务端)

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install realvnc-vnc-server realvnc-vnc-viewer

安装好之后,有两种开启模式,图形界面操作和命令行

      1. 图形界面
  1. On your Raspberry Pi, boot into the graphical desktop.
  2. Select Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration > Interfaces.
  3. Ensure VNC is Enabled.
  4. 其实这个地方也可以开启SSH服务等
      1. 命令行
  1. sudo raspi-config
  2. Navigate to Interfacing Options.
  3. Scroll down and select VNC > Yes.
    1. Windows端

文件:VNC-Viewer-6.18.907-Windows.exe

大小:9.53 MB

下载地址:https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/

安装好之后,直接在输入框中输入树莓派的ip地址,然后根据提示输入用户名和密码就可以远程控制树莓派了。

  1. 安装Home Assistant

我没有用hass.io的方式来安装

参考官网教程:https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/installation/raspberry-pi/

https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/installation/hassbian/#

    1. 前置条件

You must have Python 3.5.3 or later installed (including the package python3-dev) which is the case for Raspbian Stretch.

我之前下载的系统就是官网最新的2018-10-9的Raspbian Stretch,满足了这个python版本要求,它包含了两个版本的python,2.7和3.5.3

 

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python

Python 2.7.13 (default, Sep 26 2018, 18:42:22)

[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

 

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3

Python 3.5.3 (default, Sep 27 2018, 17:25:39)

[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

 

    1. 开始安装
  1. Update the system.

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get upgrade –y

 

  1. Install the dependencies.

$ sudo apt-get install python3 python3-venv python3-pip

 

  1. 创建homeassistant用户

$ sudo useradd -rm homeassistant -G dialout,gpio

 

  1. 设置homeassistant用户密码

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo passwd homeassistant

 

  1. 创建homeassistant工作目录

$ cd /srv

$ sudo mkdir homeassistant

$ sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant homeassistant

$ sudo -u homeassistant -H –S

 

  1. 创建python3虚拟环境

$ cd /srv/homeassistant

$ python3 -m venv .

$ source bin/activate

(homeassistant) homeassistant@raspberrypi:/srv/homeassistant $ python3 -m pip install wheel

(homeassistant) homeassistant@raspberrypi:/srv/homeassistant $ pip3 install homeassistant

 

    1. 错误

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in /srv/homeassistant/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from jinja2>=2.10->homeassistant) (1.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pycparser in /srv/homeassistant/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.7->cryptography==2.3.1->homeassistant) (2.19)
Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography, bcrypt, cffi
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cryptography ... error
  Complete output from command /srv/homeassistant/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-cl03y186/cryptography/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-zady7x64 --python-tag cp36:
  c/_cffi_backend.c:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py", line 118, in _compile
      extra_postargs)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/ccompiler.py", line 909, in spawn
      spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py", line 36, in spawn
      _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, dry_run=dry_run)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/spawn.py", line 159, in _spawn_posix
      % (cmd, exit_status))
  distutils.errors.DistutilsExecError: command 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc' failed with exit status 1

 

      1. 解决

sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev

 

    1. 如何启动

第一步:切换到homeassistant用户下

第二步:进入python3的虚拟环境目录

第三步:启动hass

 

sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

cd /srv/homeassistant

source bin/activate

(homeassistant) $ hass

 

    1. 设置开机启动

这里我采用了init.d (Linux)的方式来设置

官网配置地址:https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/autostart/init.d/

 

      1. 创建脚本

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cd /etc/init.d/

pi@raspberrypi:/etc/init.d $ nano hass-daemon

将以下脚本全部复制到hass-daemon中

      1. 脚本内容

#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides:          hass

# Required-Start:    $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog

# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog

# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:      0 1 6

# Description:       Home\ Assistant

### END INIT INFO

 

# /etc/init.d Service Script for Home Assistant

# Created with: https://gist.github.com/naholyr/4275302#file-new-service-sh

PRE_EXEC="cd /srv/homeassistant; python3 -m venv .; source bin/activate;"

# Typically /usr/bin/hass

HASS_BIN="hass"

RUN_AS="homeassistant"

PID_DIR="/var/run/hass"

PID_FILE="$PID_DIR/hass.pid"

CONFIG_DIR="/home/$RUN_AS/.homeassistant"

LOG_DIR="/var/log/homeassistant"

LOG_FILE="$LOG_DIR/home-assistant.log"

FLAGS="-v --config $CONFIG_DIR --pid-file $PID_FILE --log-file $LOG_FILE --daemon"

 

start() {

  create_piddir

  if [ -f $PID_FILE ] && kill -0 $(cat $PID_FILE) 2> /dev/null; then

    echo 'Service already running' >&2

    return 1

  fi

  echo -n 'Starting service… ' >&2

  local CMD="$PRE_EXEC $HASS_BIN $FLAGS;"

  su -s /bin/bash -c "$CMD" $RUN_AS

  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then

    echo "Failed" >&2

  else

    echo 'Done' >&2

  fi

}

 

stop() {

  if [ ! -f "$PID_FILE" ] || ! kill -0 $(cat "$PID_FILE") 2> /dev/null; then

    echo 'Service not running' >&2

    return 1

  fi

  echo -n 'Stopping service… ' >&2

  kill $(cat "$PID_FILE")

  while ps -p $(cat "$PID_FILE") > /dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 1;done;

  rm -f $PID_FILE

  echo 'Done' >&2

}

 

install() {

  echo "Installing Home Assistant Daemon (hass-daemon)"

  update-rc.d hass-daemon defaults

  create_piddir

  mkdir -p $CONFIG_DIR

  chown $RUN_AS $CONFIG_DIR

  mkdir -p $LOG_DIR

  chown $RUN_AS $LOG_DIR

}

 

uninstall() {

  echo "Are you really sure you want to uninstall this service? The INIT script will"

  echo -n "also be deleted! That cannot be undone. [yes|No] "

  local SURE

  read SURE

  if [ "$SURE" = "yes" ]; then

    stop

    remove_piddir

    echo "Notice: The config directory has not been removed"

    echo $CONFIG_DIR

    echo "Notice: The log directory has not been removed"

    echo $LOG_DIR

    update-rc.d -f hass-daemon remove

    rm -fv "$0"

    echo "Home Assistant Daemon has been removed. Home Assistant is still installed."

  fi

}

 

create_piddir() {

  if [ ! -d "$PID_DIR" ]; then

    mkdir -p $PID_DIR

    chown $RUN_AS "$PID_DIR"

  fi

}

 

remove_piddir() {

  if [ -d "$PID_DIR" ]; then

    if [ -e "$PID_FILE" ]; then

      rm -fv "$PID_FILE"

    fi

    rmdir -fv "$PID_DIR"

  fi

}

 

case "$1" in

  start)

    start

    ;;

  stop)

    stop

    ;;

  install)

    install

    ;;

  uninstall)

    uninstall

    ;;

  restart)

    stop

    start

    ;;

  *)

    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|install|uninstall}"

esac

 

      1. 注册自启动服务

$ sudo service hass-daemon install

      1. 其他说明
  1. SELECT A USER.(设置运行hass的用户)

Create or pick a user that the Home Assistant daemon will run under. Update script to set RUN_AS to the username that should be used to execute hass.

 

  1. CHANGE HASS EXECUTABLE AND OTHER VARIABLES IF REQUIRED. (设置运行hass的工作目录和其他变量)

Some installation environments may require a change in the Home Assistant executable hass. Update script to set HASS_BIN to the appropriate hass executable path. Please also check the other variables for the appropriate value. In general the defaults should work

 

  1. 我不知道为什么在安装完之后,直接运行hass,web端就是不能访问hass,设置开启启动后就能访问了,奇怪。
    1. 重启树莓派

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ reboot

 

  1. web访问Home Assistant

在Windows上打开http://树莓派IP:8123

第一次访问的话,还需要设置用户名和密码。

树莓派3b+安装home assistant_第1张图片

 

 

  1. 升级Home Assistant

To update to the latest version of Home Assistant follow these simple steps:

$ sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

$ source /srv/homeassistant/bin/activate

$ pip3 install --upgrade homeassistant

 

  1. Mosquitto安装(MQTT)
    1. 安装&&配置mqtt

#更新下系统,更新前记得改国内源,不知怎么更换的看这贴:http://bbs.hassbian.com/thread-27-1-1.html

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade -y

 

#安装mosquitto和mosquitto-clients(后者主要用于测试,如果不想测试,可以只安装前者)

sudo apt-get install mosquitto mosquitto-clients

 

#更改mqtt设置

sudo nano /etc/mosquitto/conf.d/mqtt.conf

 

#在上面文件里加入:

allow_anonymous false

password_file /etc/mosquitto/pwfile

 

#设置用户和密码,这里用户为mqtt,可改为你想设的用户名,密码自设,这里都设为mqtt

sudo mosquitto_passwd -c /etc/mosquitto/pwfile mqtt

 

#设置开机启动,以及启动,停止,重启代码(enable为开机启动,其他你们懂的):

sudo /etc/init.d/mosquitto enable|disable|start|stop|restart|reload|

 

#重启系统

sudo reboot

 

#测试MQTT,在一个终端下发布,另个终端下接收,测试是否成功。看不懂此条者请忽略。

mosquitto_sub -d -u mqtt -P mqtt -t dev/test

mosquitto_pub -d -u mqtt -P mqtt -t dev/test -m "hello world"

 

    1. 配置home assistant

在configuration.yaml文件中加入

mqtt:

  broker: 192.168.1.4

  port: 1883

  username: mqtt

  password: mqtt

  discovery: true

 

broker的ip改为自己安装mqtt机器的IP地址即可

 

  1. samba安装

#安装配置samba

sudo apt-get install samba

复制代码



#添加一个samba账户,并设置一个密码,一定要记住,以后访问时需要

sudo smbpasswd -a homeassistant

复制代码



#编辑samba配置

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

复制代码



#将以下内容加入到smb.conf的最后面

--------------------------------------

[HomeAssistant]

   comment = HomeAssistant

   browseable = yes

   read only = no

   path = /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant

   valid users = homeassistant

--------------------------------------

复制代码



树莓派3b+安装home assistant_第2张图片 

#重启samba服务

sudo service smbd restart

复制代码



#在windows中,网络中扫描不到的话,直接Win+R打开运行窗口,输入以下内容,注意将ip换成你安装hass主机的ip:

\\192.168.6.18\

 

 

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