我的上篇文章iOS中多个网络请求的同步问题总结中用到了dispatch_group来进行线程同步,对用法不是特别熟悉所以整理这篇文章来加深记忆(闲着也是闲着)。
英语不好就不翻译官方文档了..
Submits a block to a dispatch queue and associates the block with the given dispatch group
//将一个block(代码块)加入到dispatch_queue_t queue中并和dispatch_group_t group相关联
void
dispatch_group_async(dispatch_group_t group,
dispatch_queue_t queue,
dispatch_block_t block);
个人理解:将代码块dispatch_block_t block放入队列dispatch_queue_t queue中执行;并和调度组dispatch_group_t group相互关联;如果dispatch_queue_t queue中所有的block执行完毕会调用dispatch_group_notify并且dispatch_group_wait会停止等待;
Calling this function indicates another block has joined the group through a means other than dispatch_group_async(). Calls to this function must be
* balanced with dispatch_group_leave().
调用这个方法标志着一个代码块被加入了group,和dispatch_group_async功能类似;
需要和dispatch_group_enter()、dispatch_group_leave()成对出现;
void
dispatch_group_enter(dispatch_group_t group);
个人理解:和内存管理的引用计数类似,我们可以认为group也持有一个整形变量(只是假设),当调用enter时计数加1,调用leave时计数减1,当计数为0时会调用dispatch_group_notify并且dispatch_group_wait会停止等待;
void个人理解: 当队列dispatch_queue_t queue上的所有任务执行完毕时会执行dispatch_group_notify里的dispatch_block_t block的代码
dispatch_group_notify(dispatch_group_t group,dispatch_queue_t queue,
dispatch_block_t block);
long个人理解: 和dispatch_group_notify功能类似( 多了一个dispatch_time_t参数可以设置超时时间 ),在group上任务完成前,dispatch_group_wait会阻塞当前线程( 所以不能放在主线程调用 )一直等待;当group上任务完成,或者等待时间超过设置的超时时间会结束等待;
dispatch_group_wait(dispatch_group_t group, dispatch_time_t timeout);
- (void)groupSync
{
dispatch_queue_t disqueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.shidaiyinuo.NetWorkStudy", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_group_t disgroup = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_async(disgroup, disqueue, ^{
NSLog(@"任务一完成");
});
dispatch_group_async(disgroup, disqueue, ^{
sleep(8);
NSLog(@"任务二完成");
});
dispatch_group_notify(disgroup, disqueue, ^{
NSLog(@"dispatch_group_notify 执行");
});
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
dispatch_group_wait(disgroup, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 5 * NSEC_PER_SEC));
NSLog(@"dispatch_group_wait 结束");
});
}
向group中放入两个任务(准确讲是将任务加入到了并行队列disqueue中执行,然后队列和group关联当队列上任务执行完毕时group会进行同步),第二个任务会等待8秒所以第一个任务会先完成;会先打印任务一完成再打印任务二完成,当两个任务都完成时dispatch_group_notify中的block会执行;会接着打印dispatch_group_notify 执行;dispatch_group_wait设置了超时时间为5秒所以它会在5秒后停止等待打印dispatch_group_wait 结束(任务二会等待8秒所以它会在任务二完成前打印);
需要注意的:dispatch_group_wait是同步的所以不能放在主线程执行。
补充: dispatch_group会等和它关联的所有的dispatch_queue_t上的任务都执行完毕才会发出同步信号(dispathc_group_notify的代码块block会被执行,group_wati会结束等待)。也就是说一个group可以关联多个任务队列;下面给出示例:
- (void)groupSync2
{
dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create("ted.queue.next1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
dispatch_group_t dispatchGroup = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, dispatchQueue, ^(){
sleep(5);
NSLog(@"任务一完成");
});
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, dispatchQueue, ^(){
sleep(6);
NSLog(@"任务二完成");
});
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, globalQueue, ^{
sleep(10);
NSLog(@"任务三完成");
});
dispatch_group_notify(dispatchGroup, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(){
NSLog(@"notify:任务都完成了");
});
}
- (void)groupSync
{
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
sleep(5);
NSLog(@"任务一完成");
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
sleep(8);
NSLog(@"任务二完成");
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
NSLog(@"任务完成");
});
}
示例代码中在global_queue上执行sleep任务模拟网络请求。
补充: 如果像最后一个示例那样,block里执行的是同步类型的代码那么用dispatch_group_async一样可以达到同步的效果,但是异步任务就不行了如下:
- (void)groupSync2
{
dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create("ted.queue.next1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
dispatch_group_t dispatchGroup = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, dispatchQueue, ^(){
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
sleep(5);
NSLog(@"任务一完成");
});
});
dispatch_group_async(dispatchGroup, dispatchQueue, ^(){
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
sleep(8);
NSLog(@"任务二完成");
});
});
dispatch_group_notify(dispatchGroup, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(){
NSLog(@"notify:任务都完成了");
});
}
如果dispatch_group_async里执行的是异步代码dispatch_group_notify会直接触发而不会等待异步任务完成,而dispatch_group_enter、和dispatch_group_leave则不会有这个问题,它们只需要在任务开始前enter结束后leave即可达到线程同步的效果。
转自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/228403206664