《Flappy Bird》 Python Clone 学习之路

目录

背景

准备

获取游戏资源包

工程搭建

代码编写

---

背景

前阵学习了一些python的简单语法，前两天又了解到有个pygame库可以用python写些简单的2D游戏，昨晚无意中从GitHub上搜的了一个Flappy Bird用pygame写的源码，copy在电脑上竟然可以完美运行，这激起我的学习兴趣，也想完全从头做一个一样的，学习和成长的过程不就是一个在不断重复和模仿别人的过程嘛

准备

1. python环境（强烈建议安装32位python）
2. pygame库   （cmd 下 输入 pip install pygame即可）
3. ---------游戏图片和音效直接下载的话（资源包下载点我）可跳过以下步骤直接从工程搭建开始-----------------------
4. opencv-python 库用于截图 （cmd 下 输入 pip install opencv-python）
5. 游戏资源包（游戏中用到的图片文件和音效文件）

（1、 2自行百度，下面主要介绍一下资源包的获取）

获取游戏资源包

能力和精力有限，游戏声音和图片就没有从头学起自己制作了，作者主要目的以学习python为主。

网上下载一个Flappy Bird原版的APK安装包，将.apk后缀改为.zip，然后右键解压（电脑安装了压缩软件，本人用的WinRAR），解压后在\assets\sounds可以找到音频文件，在assets\gfx文件夹下找到atlas.png图片。

可以发现，他讲游戏图片中所有元素都拼到一张图里了，这得需要进行图片分割，打开\res\raw\atlas.txt

可以看到游戏元素图片的在整张拼图的具体信息，下面就是用这个信息进行图片分割提取

从上图看出每行是一张图片信息，

[图片名称，图片宽度（单位像素点），图片高度，图片在整张拼图相对位置x（整张宽度为1），图片在整张拼图相对位置y（整张宽度为1），图片在整张拼图相对宽度x（整张宽度为1），图片在整张拼图相对高度y（整张宽度为1）]

在D盘根目录下新建一个Split文件夹将atlas.png和atlas.txt都拷过去，新建split.py文件，内容如下：

import cv2 as cv
import os
#读取原图
image = cv.imread('atlas.png', -1)
#打印图片形状（高，宽，通道数），高宽的单位是像素数
raw_width, raw_height, _ = image.shape
#创建文件夹
if not os.path.exists("./output/"):
    os.makedirs("./output/")
#读取txt文件
with open('atlas.txt') as f:
	for line in f:
		strs = line.split(" ")
		filename = strs[0]
		imgWidth = int(strs[1])
		imgHeight = int(strs[2])
		imgX = float(strs[3])*raw_width
		imgY = float(strs[4])*raw_height
		# 对感兴趣区域进行截图
		imageROI=image[int(imgY):int(imgY+imgHeight),int(imgX):int(imgX+imgWidth)]
		# 截图部分生成新图片
		cv.imwrite("./output/"+filename+".png", imageROI)

执行完成后就在新产生的output文件夹里就会有分割出所需图像

最后音频文件解压出来的ogg格式，防止在有的Windows系统中没有响应ogg播放软件，最好用转换软件（比如格式工厂）将ogg转换成wav格式

至此，所有资源包都已获取，资源包下载点我

工程搭建

新建一个FlappyBird文件夹作为工程文件夹，期内新建FlappyBird.py文件作为代码文件，然后新建assets文件夹，assets文件夹内新建audio文件夹存放音频，sprites文件夹存放图片元素

至此所有准备工作完成，开始撸代码

代码编写

#从迭代器库中调用cycle方法
from itertools import cycle
import random
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

SCREEN_WIDTH = 288
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 512
# 游戏状态
ANIMATION	= 0
RUNNING		= 1
GAMEOVER	= 2

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("Flappy Bird by GHL")
#设置游戏对话框尺寸
SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
#取背景图,抠掉边缘转换
background_day = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/background-day.png').convert_alpha()
#取小鸟图
bird = [
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/redbird-upflap.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/redbird-midflap.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/redbird-downflap.png').convert_alpha()
]
# 取数字
number = [
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/0.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/1.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/2.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/3.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/4.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/5.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/6.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/7.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/8.png').convert_alpha(),
			pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/9.png').convert_alpha()
]
# 地面图
ground = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/base.png').convert_alpha()
# 开场动画
message = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/message.png').convert_alpha()
# 取柱子
pipe_down = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/pipe-green.png').convert_alpha()
pipe_up = pygame.transform.rotate(pipe_down, 180)
# 取logo
logo = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/logo.png').convert_alpha()
# 取声音
if "win" in sys.platform:
	soundExt = ".wav"
else:
	soundExt = ".ogg"
sound_wing 	= pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/wing'+soundExt)
sound_hit 	= pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/hit'+soundExt)
sound_point = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/point'+soundExt)
sound_die 	= pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/die'+soundExt)
# 取game over文本
text_game_over = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/text_game_over.png').convert_alpha()


def showScore(score):
	# 拆分数字
	scoreDigits = [int(x) for x in list(str(score))]
	# 计算数字总宽度
	totalWidth = 0
	for digit in scoreDigits:
		totalWidth += number[digit].get_width()
	# 居中摆放
	score_x_position = (SCREEN_WIDTH - totalWidth)//2
	score_y_position = int(0.2 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)
	# 刷图
	for digit in scoreDigits:
		SCREEN.blit(number[digit], (score_x_position, score_y_position))
		score_x_position += number[digit].get_width()

def main():

	# 创建帧率实例
	FPS = pygame.time.Clock()
	# 迭代器 小鸟翅膀 0-1-2-1-0循环
	wing_position_iter = cycle([0,1,2,1])
	wing_position = 0
	# 迭代器 小鸟上下抖动 
	bird_shake_iter = cycle([0,1,2,3,4,3,2,1,0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-3,-2,-1])
	bird_shake = 0
	
	bird_position = int(0.5 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)		# 小鸟起始高度
	bird_x_position = int(0.2*SCREEN_WIDTH)			# 小鸟水平位置
	ground_position = int(0.8 * SCREEN_HEIGHT-bird[0].get_height()) # 地面高度
	
	fps_count = 0			# 帧数处理
	key_down = 0			# 按键按下 
	gravity = 1 			# 重力大小
	down_velocity = 0 		# 下降速度
	head_direction = 0		# 鸟头方向
	game_state	= ANIMATION 	# 游戏状态
	pipe_move_distance = SCREEN_WIDTH*4//3+pipe_down.get_width()#管子需要移动的距离
	pipe_gap = 150 			# 管空隙大小
	pipe2_gap = 150 			# 管2空隙大小
	pipe_x_position = SCREEN_WIDTH 	# 柱子水平位置
	pipe_down_position = 0	# 下柱子管口位置
	pipe2_x_position = pipe_move_distance 	# 柱子水平位置
	pipe2_up_position = 0
	pipe2_down_position = 0	# 下柱子管口位置
	score = 0				# 得分
	ground_x_position = 0	# 地面水平位置
	bird_actual_position = 0# 小鸟实际高度
	# fisrt_fly_no_pipe 	= 90 # 开始一段没有柱子
	



	while 1:
		# 获取鼠标按键状态
		for event in pygame.event.get():		
			if event.type == QUIT:
				pygame.quit()
				sys.exit()
			if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_SPACE:
				if game_state == ANIMATION:
					game_state = RUNNING
					down_velocity = 0 	# 下降速度
					head_direction = 0	# 鸟头方向
					fps_count = 0		# 帧数处理
					score = 0			# 得分
					pipe_x_position = SCREEN_WIDTH 	# 柱子水平位置
					pipe2_x_position = pipe_move_distance 	# 柱子水平位置
					
				if game_state == RUNNING:
					key_down = 6
					sound_wing.play()
				if game_state == GAMEOVER:
					# 小鸟落地后游戏才能重新开始 
					if bird_actual_position == ground_position:
						game_state = ANIMATION
						bird_position = int(0.5 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)		# 小鸟起始高度


						

		# 刷新背景
		SCREEN.blit(background_day, (0, 0))
		# 重绘logo大小
		logo_resize = pygame.transform.scale(logo,(25,25))
		# 设置左上角icon
		pygame.display.set_icon(logo_resize)


		if game_state == ANIMATION:
			fps_count += 1
			SCREEN.blit(message,(SCREEN_WIDTH/2-message.get_width()/2, 0.1* SCREEN_HEIGHT))
			# 草地动起来
			ground_x_position = -1*((fps_count*4)%(ground.get_width()-SCREEN_WIDTH))
			SCREEN.blit(ground, (ground_x_position,int(0.8 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)))
			# 更新翅膀位置，比帧数放慢5倍
			if fps_count % 5 == 0:
				wing_position = next(wing_position_iter)
			# 小鸟上下抖动 
			bird_shake = next(bird_shake_iter)
			# 小鸟动起来
			bird_actual_position = bird_position+bird_shake
			SCREEN.blit(bird[wing_position], (bird_x_position, bird_actual_position))			
		if game_state == RUNNING:
			# 帧数处理
			fps_count += 1
			# 游戏刚开始时候没有柱子空飞一段
			# if fps_count*4 > SCREEN_WIDTH+pipe_down.get_width(): 
			if 1:
				# 柱子动起来
				if pipe_x_position == SCREEN_WIDTH:
					pipe_down_position	= random.randrange(int(0.3 * SCREEN_HEIGHT),int(0.7 * SCREEN_HEIGHT), 10)
					pipe_gap	= random.randrange(100,151, 10)
				pipe_up_position	= pipe_down_position - pipe_gap - pipe_up.get_height()
				pipe_x_position		= SCREEN_WIDTH-(fps_count*4)%pipe_move_distance
				SCREEN.blit(pipe_down, (pipe_x_position,pipe_down_position))
				SCREEN.blit(pipe_up, (pipe_x_position,pipe_up_position))
			if fps_count*4 > pipe_move_distance//2:

				# 柱子2动起来
				if pipe2_x_position == pipe_move_distance:
					pipe2_down_position	= random.randrange(int(0.3 * SCREEN_HEIGHT),int(0.7 * SCREEN_HEIGHT), 10)
					pipe2_gap	= random.randrange(100,151, 10)
				pipe2_up_position	= pipe2_down_position - pipe2_gap - pipe_up.get_height()
				pipe2_x_position	= pipe_move_distance-pipe_down.get_width()-(fps_count*4-pipe_move_distance//3)%pipe_move_distance
				SCREEN.blit(pipe_down, (pipe2_x_position,pipe2_down_position))
				SCREEN.blit(pipe_up, (pipe2_x_position,pipe2_up_position))

			# 草地动起来
			ground_x_position = -1*((fps_count*4)%(ground.get_width()-SCREEN_WIDTH))
			SCREEN.blit(ground, (ground_x_position,int(0.8 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)))
			# 更新翅膀位置，比帧数放慢5倍
			if fps_count % 5 == 0:
				wing_position = next(wing_position_iter)
			# 小鸟上下抖动 
			bird_shake = next(bird_shake_iter)
			# 小鸟受重力下落, 按键按下则上升
			if key_down:
				# 刷新的过程需要key_down递减之0 用几帧画面完成
				key_down -= 1 
				bird_position -= 6
				bird_position = max(0, bird_position)		# 边界检测
				down_velocity = 0
				head_direction += 6
				head_direction = min(24, head_direction)	# 边界检测
			else:
				down_velocity += gravity
				bird_position += down_velocity
				bird_position = min(bird_position, ground_position)# 边界检测
				head_direction -= 3
				head_direction = max(-42, head_direction)	# 边界检测


			# 调整头的方向
			bird_head = pygame.transform.rotate(bird[wing_position], head_direction)
			# 小鸟动起来
			bird_actual_position = bird_position+bird_shake
			SCREEN.blit(bird_head, (bird_x_position, bird_actual_position))
			# 检测撞地
			if bird_position == ground_position:
				game_state = GAMEOVER
				sound_hit.play()

			# 检测撞柱子
			# 小鸟水平位置在柱子管水平宽度内
			if bird_x_position+bird[0].get_width() > pipe_x_position and \
				bird_x_position < pipe_x_position+pipe_down.get_width():
				# 小鸟高度比下管道低或比上管道高
				if bird_actual_position+bird[0].get_height() > pipe_down_position or \
					bird_actual_position < pipe_down_position - pipe_gap:
					game_state = GAMEOVER
					sound_hit.play()
					sound_die.play()
			# 小鸟水平位置在柱子2管水平宽度内
			if bird_x_position+bird[0].get_width() > pipe2_x_position and \
				bird_x_position < pipe2_x_position+pipe_down.get_width():
				# 小鸟高度比下管道低或比上管道高
				if bird_actual_position+bird[0].get_height() > pipe2_down_position or \
					bird_actual_position < pipe2_down_position - pipe2_gap:
					game_state = GAMEOVER
					sound_hit.play()
					sound_die.play()

			# 小鸟飞过管道后壁刷新得分
			if abs(bird_x_position - (pipe_x_position+pipe_down.get_width() ) ) < 3 or\
				abs(bird_x_position - (pipe2_x_position+pipe_down.get_width() ) ) < 3:
				sound_point.play()
				score += 1
			showScore(score)


		if game_state == GAMEOVER:
			# 调整头的方向
			bird_head = pygame.transform.rotate(bird[wing_position], -90)
			SCREEN.blit(pipe_down, (pipe_x_position,pipe_down_position))
			SCREEN.blit(pipe_up, (pipe_x_position,pipe_up_position))
			SCREEN.blit(pipe_down, (pipe2_x_position,pipe2_down_position))
			SCREEN.blit(pipe_up, (pipe2_x_position,pipe2_up_position))
			SCREEN.blit(ground, (ground_x_position,int(0.8 * SCREEN_HEIGHT)))
			bird_actual_position += 10
			bird_actual_position = min(ground_position, bird_actual_position)
			SCREEN.blit(bird_head, (bird_x_position, bird_actual_position))
			showScore(score)
			# 小鸟落地后游戏才能重新开始 
			if bird_actual_position == ground_position:
				SCREEN.blit(text_game_over, (SCREEN_WIDTH/2-text_game_over.get_width()/2, 0.4*SCREEN_HEIGHT))
		# 设置文中logo
		SCREEN.blit(pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/ghl_white50.png').convert_alpha(), (SCREEN_WIDTH-50,SCREEN_HEIGHT-50))
		# 图片刷新
		pygame.display.update()
		# 设置帧率30帧
		FPS.tick(30)

if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()
 

文件不是一天写完的，最终的源码及用到的资源包及用pyinstaller生成的exe，我放在了 完整源码及资源包 供下载

明天就是中秋了，最后，祝大家中秋节快乐！

2018年9月23日于上海图书馆