C#常用集合的使用

大多数集合都在System.Collections,System.Collections.Generic两个命名空间。其中System.Collections.Generic专门用于泛型集合。

针对特定类型的集合类型位于System.Collections.Specialized;命名空间;

线程安全的集合类位于System.Collections.Concurrent;命名空间。

下面是集合和列表实现的接口如下:

 

一、列表

    [Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_CollectionDebugView<>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    public class List : IList, ICollection, IEnumerable, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable


从这个可以看出,泛型集合List实现了这么多接口,具体接口的信息可以通过工具查看。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List list = new List();
            list.Add("张三");
            list.Add("李四");
            list.Add("王五");
            list.Add("田六");
            list.Add("赵七");

            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("for循环:" + i.ToString() + "=" + list[i]);
            }

            list.RemoveAt(0);
            foreach (String item in list)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }
            list.AddRange(new String[] { "Hello1", "Hello2", "Hello3" });

            list.ForEach(Print);

            Console.Read();
        }

        private static void Print(String item)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ForEach:" + item);
        }
    }

}


 二、队列

队列先进先出,一头进一头出,用Queue实现

    [Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_QueueDebugView<>))]
    [ComVisible(false)]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    public class Queue : IEnumerable, ICollection, IEnumerable

可以看出队列实现了集合的接口,迭代的接口


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Queue queue = new Queue();
            //进队
            queue.Enqueue("张三");
            queue.Enqueue("李四");
            queue.Enqueue("王五");
            queue.Enqueue("田六");
            queue.Enqueue("赵七");

            foreach (String item in queue)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }

            //出队
            while (queue.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("出队:" + queue.Dequeue());
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


 三、栈

栈:从同一边先进后出,用Stack实现

 [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_StackDebugView<>))]
    [ComVisible(false)]
    public class Stack : IEnumerable, ICollection, IEnumerable


栈也是实现了集合接口与迭代接口的

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Stack stack = new Stack();
            //进栈
            stack.Push("张三");
            stack.Push("李四");
            stack.Push("王五");
            stack.Push("田六");
            stack.Push("赵七");

            foreach (String item in stack)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }

            //出栈
            while (stack.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("出栈:" + stack.Pop());
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


 四、链表

LinkedList是一个双向链表,链表有个有点,就是在链表中间插入、删除元素很快,但是查找中间与末尾的元素很慢,需要一个节点一个节点的去找。

    [Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_CollectionDebugView<>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    [ComVisible(false)]
    public class LinkedList : ICollection, IEnumerable, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback

由此可见链表也是有集合的特性的,可以迭代,同时还有链表的特性


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            LinkedList lList = new LinkedList();
            LinkedListNode node = new LinkedListNode("root");
            lList.AddFirst(node);
            node = lList.AddAfter(node, "张三");
            node = lList.AddAfter(node, "李四");
            node = lList.AddAfter(node, "王五");
            node = lList.AddAfter(node, "田六");
            node = lList.AddAfter(node, "赵七");

            foreach (String item in lList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }

            node = lList.First;
            Console.WriteLine("第一个元素:" + node.Value);
            node = lList.Last;
            Console.WriteLine("最后一个元素:" + node.Value);
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


 五、有序列表

SortedList采用键-值对存储,键不能重复,并且会根据key进行排序

    [Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_DictionaryDebugView<,>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    [ComVisible(false)]
    public class SortedList : IDictionary, ICollection>, IEnumerable>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable

可以看出SortedList不仅具有字典的特性,还有集合,迭代的功能


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Key必须唯一,如果不唯一可以考虑Lookup
            SortedList sList = new SortedList();
            sList.Add(100, "张三");
            sList.Add(21, "李四");
            sList.Add(13, "王五");
            sList.Add(44, "田六");
            sList.Add(35, "赵七");

            foreach (KeyValuePair item in sList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


 六、字典

字典是很复杂的数据结构,允许通过key来查找值,字典可以自由添加、删除元素,没有集合由于移动元素导致的开销。

[Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_DictionaryDebugView<,>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    [ComVisible(false)]
    public class Dictionary : IDictionary, ICollection>, IEnumerable>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback

可以看出字典也具有集合的特性,可以迭代


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Key必须唯一
            Dictionary dict = new Dictionary();
            dict.Add(11, "张三");
            dict.Add(1, "李四");
            dict.Add(2, "王五");
            dict.Add(16, "田六");
            dict.Add(12, "赵七");

            foreach (KeyValuePair item in dict)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


 说到字典,顺便谈一下有序字典,与有序列表对应;SortedDictionary,SortedList,SortedSet

会根据Key进行排序

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Key必须唯一
            SortedDictionary dict = new SortedDictionary();
            dict.Add(11, "张三");
            dict.Add(1, "李四");
            dict.Add(2, "王五");
            dict.Add(16, "田六");
            dict.Add(12, "赵七");

            foreach (KeyValuePair item in dict)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

 

 七、集

集(Set):包含不重复元素,常用HashSet,SortedSet

 [Serializable]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(HashSetDebugView<>))]
    public class HashSet : ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback, ISet, ICollection, IEnumerable, IEnumerable

 [Serializable]
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(SortedSetDebugView<>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
    public class SortedSet : ISet, ICollection, IEnumerable, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback


 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            HashSet hSet = new HashSet();
            hSet.Add("张三");
            hSet.Add("李四");
            hSet.Add("王五");
            hSet.Add("田六");
            hSet.Add("赵七");

            foreach (String item in hSet)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            SortedSet hSet = new SortedSet();
            hSet.Add("张三");
            hSet.Add("李四");
            hSet.Add("王五");
            hSet.Add("田六");
            hSet.Add("赵七");

            foreach (String item in hSet)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}


性能比较:

 

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