stm32 CubeMX v5.6.1使用SD+FATFS+freeRTOS R0.12c

看网上有很多关于新板CubeMX在SD卡上使用FAFTFS系统遇到各种问题，比如有人说新版代码没有调用初始化函数，有的说Platform Setting不配置引脚会导致读写不成功，还有的说4线SDIO的频率要配置成12M，反正就是说新版CubeMX坑。其实只是新版代码较多的使用了结构体和函数指针，把C语言里显而易见的函数调用隐藏起来了，新版代码还是很好用的。下面就演示一下如何配置SDIO（SDMMC同样操作）、FATFS、freeRTOS。
1、开启外部晶振：

2、配置时基：

3、开启SDIO或(SDMMC)后，所有参数都不需要修改，只需要打开发送、接收的DMA和SD卡全局中断：

SD卡全局中断：

4、开启FATFS，把MAX_SS改为4096，以便FATFS系统支持更多参数不同的SD卡，一般设置为512也没什么问题：

需要在Advanced Settings标签栏里确认一下Use dma template是启用的：

Platform标签栏可以不用管，没错，确实不用管。

这根引脚是用来检测SD卡是否已经插入的，具体的检测方法需要用户自己实现，这是来自ST官方的解释：

咱们看看这个函数体是什么样的：

这个函数默认返回的就是SD卡已经插好，所以真不用管它了。
5、开启freeRTOS，把堆栈扩大点儿就行了，其它完全默认：

6、配置时钟树，保证红框内为48M就行：

7、开启串口1。
7、配置工程名、链接堆栈大小、生成代码：

8、在main.c中添加重映射printf代码和fatfs测试测试用的代码，其它的文件完全不用改。测试代码在StartDefaultTask里，main.c内容如下：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * 
© Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under Ultimate Liberty license
  * SLA0044, the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with
  * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                             www.st.com/SLA0044
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "cmsis_os.h"
#include "fatfs.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include 
#include 

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SD_HandleTypeDef hsd;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_sdio_rx;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_sdio_tx;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

osThreadId defaultTaskHandle;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
#else
#define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
#endif
PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1 , (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF);
    return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument);

/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
extern uint8_t retSD;    /* Return value for SD */
extern char SDPath[4];   /* SD logical drive path */
extern FATFS SDFatFS;    /* File system object for SD logical drive */
extern FIL SDFile;       /* File object for SD */

FRESULT res;                                          /* FatFs function common result code */
uint32_t byteswritten, bytesread;                     /* File write/read counts */
uint8_t wtext[] = "this is a SDIO DMA freeRTOS test text"; /* File write buffer */
uint8_t rtext[100];                                   /* File read buffer */
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_DMA_Init();
  MX_SDIO_SD_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_FATFS_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_MUTEX */
  /* add mutexes, ... */
  /* USER CODE END RTOS_MUTEX */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_SEMAPHORES */
  /* add semaphores, ... */
  /* USER CODE END RTOS_SEMAPHORES */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_TIMERS */
  /* start timers, add new ones, ... */
  /* USER CODE END RTOS_TIMERS */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_QUEUES */
  /* add queues, ... */
  /* USER CODE END RTOS_QUEUES */

  /* Create the thread(s) */
  /* definition and creation of defaultTask */
  osThreadDef(defaultTask, StartDefaultTask, osPriorityNormal, 0, 2048);
  defaultTaskHandle = osThreadCreate(osThread(defaultTask), NULL);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_THREADS */
  /* add threads, ... */
	
  /* USER CODE END RTOS_THREADS */

  /* Start scheduler */
  osKernelStart();
 
  /* We should never get here as control is now taken by the scheduler */
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief SDIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */
  hsd.Instance = SDIO;
  hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;
  hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B;
  hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 0;
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief USART1 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

/** 
  * Enable DMA controller clock
  */
static void MX_DMA_Init(void) 
{

  /* DMA controller clock enable */
  __HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* DMA interrupt init */
  /* DMA2_Stream3_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Stream3_IRQn, 5, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Stream3_IRQn);
  /* DMA2_Stream6_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Stream6_IRQn, 5, 0);
  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Stream6_IRQn);

}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_StartDefaultTask */
/**
  * @brief  Function implementing the defaultTask thread.
  * @param  argument: Not used 
  * @retval None
  */
/* USER CODE END Header_StartDefaultTask */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 5 */
  /***************************写测试*****************/
	if(f_mount(&SDFatFS, (TCHAR const*)SDPath, 0)!=FR_OK)
		printf("mount err\r\n");
	else
	{
		printf("mount ok\r\n");
		if(f_open(&SDFile, "F429.TXT", FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE) != FR_OK)
	{
		printf("Failed to open Write file\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Opened Write file successfully\r\n");
		//Write data to text file
		res = f_write(&SDFile, wtext, strlen((char *)wtext), (void *)&byteswritten);
		if((byteswritten == 0) || (res != FR_OK))
		{
			printf("Failed to write file!\r\n");
		}
		else 
		{
			printf("File written successfully\r\n");
			printf("Write Content: %s\r\n", wtext);
		}			
		f_close(&SDFile);
	}
/********************读测试*******************/
		f_open(&SDFile, "F429.TXT",  FA_READ);
		memset(rtext,0,sizeof(rtext));
		res = f_read(&SDFile, rtext, sizeof(rtext), (UINT*)&bytesread);
		if((bytesread == 0) || (res != FR_OK))
		{
			printf("Failed to read file!\r\n");
		}
		else 
		{
			printf("File read successfully\r\n");
			printf("File content: %s\r\n", (char *)rtext);
		}
		f_close(&SDFile);
	}
	
  /* Infinite loop */
  for(;;)
  {
    osDelay(1);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 5 */ 
}

 /**
  * @brief  Period elapsed callback in non blocking mode
  * @note   This function is called  when TIM7 interrupt took place, inside
  * HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(). It makes a direct call to HAL_IncTick() to increment
  * a global variable "uwTick" used as application time base.
  * @param  htim : TIM handle
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Callback 0 */

  /* USER CODE END Callback 0 */
  if (htim->Instance == TIM7) {
    HAL_IncTick();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Callback 1 */

  /* USER CODE END Callback 1 */
}

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

9、实验结果：

SD卡内容：

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