应用AOP简化WinForm的异步操作——PostSharp实现


起因

从事WinForm的园友们一定经历过:当程序需要执行一个耗时的操作时,窗体进入假死状态,然后标题栏显示一个令用户绝望的“未响应”。不明真相的用户此时可能认为程序已死,强行关闭重启程序,然后重复这个噩梦。而通常此时程序实际上已经完成了一部分业务,造成数据丢失或者产生的结果与预期不一致。

针对这个case,有很多方法来解决:Thread/ThreadPool/Control.Invoke/BackgroundWorker...

下面以BackgroundWorker举例:

假设程序现在要执行一个耗时的操作,为了不让用户肆意猛击界面,弹出一个带有loading动画的对话框block住主界面。我们把这个对话框命名为BlockDialog

效果如下:


实现的代码可能如下,DoWork方法用于执行业务,RunWorkerCompleted用于绑定数据、刷新界面:

var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork);
worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(RunWorkerCompleted);
worker.RunWorkerAsync();
dialog = new BlockDialog();
dialog.ShowDialog(this);

反复写这样的代码让人感到厌倦,而且当一个复杂的界面出现大篇类似的代码,会让业务逻辑淹没其中难以厘清。

所以,我们想到了AOP,通过attribute标记方法。

以下使用大名鼎鼎的PostSharp作为基础工具二次开发。

尝试

我期望的代码风格是这样的:

[WorkThread]
void DoBusinessWork(){
    LoadData();
    Binding();
}

 

[GuiThread]
void Binding(){

}



现在开始:

定制拦截方法的拦截器,继承自PostSharp的 MethodInterceptionAspect类

//业务线程
public class WorkThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect
{
        private IBlockDialog blockForm;
 
 
        public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
        {
            var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
            worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
            worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);    
            worker.RunWorkerAsync(args); 
            blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
            if (blockForm != null)
            {
                blockForm.Block();
            }
        }
 
 
        void worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            var args = e.Argument as MethodInterceptionArgs;
            args.Invoke(args.Arguments);
        }
 
 

        void worker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (blockForm != null)
            {
                blockForm.UnBlock();
            }
        }

}
 
   
//GUI线程

public class GuiThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect

    {  
        public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
        {
            var main = (Form)args.Instance;       
 
            if (main.InvokeRequired)
            {
                main.BeginInvoke(new Action(args.Proceed));         
            }
            else
            {
                args.Proceed();
            }
        }         
    }



其中定义了一个接口IBlockDialog,为的是调用者可以自定义Block对话框

public interface IBlockDialog
    {
        void Block();
 
        void UnBlock(); 
    }
 
   
 
   

执行异步操作的Form需要实现此接口,它需要具有Block/Unblock的行为。简单地实现,它只需要组合BlockDialog,Show/Close对话框即可。

public class BaseForm : Form, IBlockDialog
    {
        private BlockDialog blockDialog;
 
        protected     BlockDialog BlockDialog
        {
            get
            {
                return blockDialog ?? (blockDialog = new BlockDialog());
            }
        }
        #region Implementation of IBlockDialog
 
        public void Block()
        {
            BlockDialog.ShowDialog(this);
        }
 
        public void UnBlock()
        {
            BlockDialog.Close();
        }
 
        public void ShowProcess(int percentage)
        {
            BlockDialog.ShowProcess(percentage);
        }
 
 
        #endregion
    }
 
   
 
   
以上基本已经实现本文的目标,它能满足常用的下载数据并绑定展示的需求。
 
   

增强

现在再提一个需求,我们经常需要上传或导入数据,希望在BlockDialog上加一个进度条。

这时我们可以用到BackgroundWorker ReportProgress的特性。

问题是:如何让拦截器知道业务线程执行的进度?

暂且不论拦截器是如何得知的,首先,业务线程自己先要知道自己执行了百分之几,并且,它还得讲出来,不能闷闷唧唧的执行。

为此,

1、我们定义一个Reporter接口,它要求业务线程实时的set进度值,同时可能让拦截器get到这个进度值。

public interface IProcessReporter
{
    int ProcessPercentage { get; set; }
}
 
   

2、下面对BaseForm扩展,实现IProcessReporter

public class ProcessForm : BaseForm , IProcessReporter
{
    public int ProcessPercentage
    {
        get;set;
    }
    
  [WorkThread]
  private void DoWork()
  {
     //循环
     //报告进度
     //ProcessPercentage = ?%;
  }
}
 
   
3、让拦截器监听IProcessReporter.ProcessPercentage的变化
怎么监听呢,用Timer吗?
可以,但有延时。
那用Observer吧!


Interceptor:

在ProcessObsever处登记它启用的BackgroundWorker和要监听的Form:IProcessReporter

ProcessForm:

进度变化时在ProcessObsever处更新

ProcessObsever:

Form执行业务进度发生变化时,通知要监听它的BackgroundWorker

3.1 ProcessObserver的实现

public  class ProcessObserver
    {
        private static readonly Dictionary pairs = new Dictionary();
        private static readonly Dictionaryint> process = new Dictionaryint>();
        private static readonly ProcessObserver instance = new ProcessObserver();
        private ProcessObserver()
        {
            
        }
 
        public static ProcessObserver Instance
        {
            get
            {
                return instance;
            }
        }
 
        public  void Add(BackgroundWorker worker, IProcessReporter reporter)
        {
            if (!pairs.ContainsKey(worker))
            {
                pairs.Add(worker, reporter);
                if (process.ContainsKey(reporter))
                {
                    worker.ReportProgress(process[reporter]);
                }
            }
        }
 
        public  void Remove(BackgroundWorker worker)
        {
            if(!pairs.ContainsKey(worker)) return;
            if (process.ContainsKey(pairs[worker]))
            {
                process.Remove(pairs[worker]);
            }
            pairs.Remove(worker);
        }
 
        public  void Update(IProcessReporter reporter)
        {
            if(process.ContainsKey(reporter)) process[reporter] = reporter.ProcessPercentage;
            else
            {
                process.Add(reporter, reporter.ProcessPercentage);
            }
            foreach (var pair in pairs)
            {
                if (pair.Value == reporter)
                {
                    pair.Key.ReportProgress(reporter.ProcessPercentage);//找到对应的BackgroundWorker,刷新进度
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
   
 
   
3.2 修改拦截器 WorkThreadAttribute 
public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
    {
      var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
        worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
        worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);
       if (args.Instance is IProcessReporter)
     {
       processReporter = args.Instance as IProcessReporter;
       ProcessObserver.Instance.Add(worker, processReporter);
       worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
       worker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(worker_ProgressChanged);
     }  
        worker.RunWorkerAsync(args);
 
        blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
        if (blockForm != null)
        {
                blockForm.Block();
        }
    }
 
   
3.3 修改ProcessForm 对 IProcessReporter的实现,进度发生变化时更新到Observer
private int percentage;
public int ProcessPercentage
{
    get{ return percentage; }
    set {
          if (percentage != value)
        {        
          ProcessObserver.Instance.Update(this);
        }
        percentage = value;
    }
}

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