起因
从事WinForm的园友们一定经历过:当程序需要执行一个耗时的操作时,窗体进入假死状态,然后标题栏显示一个令用户绝望的“未响应”。不明真相的用户此时可能认为程序已死,强行关闭重启程序,然后重复这个噩梦。而通常此时程序实际上已经完成了一部分业务,造成数据丢失或者产生的结果与预期不一致。
针对这个case,有很多方法来解决:Thread/ThreadPool/Control.Invoke/BackgroundWorker...
下面以BackgroundWorker举例:
假设程序现在要执行一个耗时的操作,为了不让用户肆意猛击界面,弹出一个带有loading动画的对话框block住主界面。我们把这个对话框命名为BlockDialog
效果如下:
实现的代码可能如下,DoWork方法用于执行业务,RunWorkerCompleted用于绑定数据、刷新界面:
var worker = new BackgroundWorker(); worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork); worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(RunWorkerCompleted); worker.RunWorkerAsync(); dialog = new BlockDialog(); dialog.ShowDialog(this);
反复写这样的代码让人感到厌倦,而且当一个复杂的界面出现大篇类似的代码,会让业务逻辑淹没其中难以厘清。
所以,我们想到了AOP,通过attribute标记方法。
以下使用大名鼎鼎的PostSharp作为基础工具二次开发。
尝试
我期望的代码风格是这样的:
[WorkThread]
void DoBusinessWork(){
LoadData();
Binding();
}
[GuiThread]
void Binding(){
}
现在开始:
定制拦截方法的拦截器,继承自PostSharp的 MethodInterceptionAspect类
//业务线程 public class WorkThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect { private IBlockDialog blockForm; public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args) { var worker = new BackgroundWorker(); worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork); worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted); worker.RunWorkerAsync(args); blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog; if (blockForm != null) { blockForm.Block(); } } void worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { var args = e.Argument as MethodInterceptionArgs; args.Invoke(args.Arguments); } void worker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if (blockForm != null) { blockForm.UnBlock(); } } }
//GUI线程 public class GuiThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect { public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args) { var main = (Form)args.Instance; if (main.InvokeRequired) { main.BeginInvoke(new Action(args.Proceed)); } else { args.Proceed(); } } }
其中定义了一个接口IBlockDialog,为的是调用者可以自定义Block对话框
public interface IBlockDialog { void Block(); void UnBlock(); }
执行异步操作的Form需要实现此接口,它需要具有Block/Unblock的行为。简单地实现,它只需要组合BlockDialog,Show/Close对话框即可。
public class BaseForm : Form, IBlockDialog { private BlockDialog blockDialog; protected BlockDialog BlockDialog { get { return blockDialog ?? (blockDialog = new BlockDialog()); } } #region Implementation of IBlockDialog public void Block() { BlockDialog.ShowDialog(this); } public void UnBlock() { BlockDialog.Close(); } public void ShowProcess(int percentage) { BlockDialog.ShowProcess(percentage); } #endregion }
以上基本已经实现本文的目标,它能满足常用的下载数据并绑定展示的需求。
增强
现在再提一个需求,我们经常需要上传或导入数据,希望在BlockDialog上加一个进度条。
这时我们可以用到BackgroundWorker ReportProgress的特性。
问题是:如何让拦截器知道业务线程执行的进度?
暂且不论拦截器是如何得知的,首先,业务线程自己先要知道自己执行了百分之几,并且,它还得讲出来,不能闷闷唧唧的执行。
为此,
1、我们定义一个Reporter接口,它要求业务线程实时的set进度值,同时可能让拦截器get到这个进度值。
public interface IProcessReporter { int ProcessPercentage { get; set; } }
2、下面对BaseForm扩展,实现IProcessReporter
public class ProcessForm : BaseForm , IProcessReporter {
public int ProcessPercentage { get;set; }
[WorkThread] private void DoWork() { //循环 //报告进度 //ProcessPercentage = ?%; } }
3、让拦截器监听IProcessReporter.ProcessPercentage的变化
怎么监听呢,用Timer吗?
可以,但有延时。
那用Observer吧!
Interceptor:
在ProcessObsever处登记它启用的BackgroundWorker和要监听的Form:IProcessReporter
ProcessForm:
进度变化时在ProcessObsever处更新
ProcessObsever:
Form执行业务进度发生变化时,通知要监听它的BackgroundWorker
3.1 ProcessObserver的实现
public class ProcessObserver { private static readonly Dictionarypairs = new Dictionary (); private static readonly Dictionary int> process = new Dictionary int>(); private static readonly ProcessObserver instance = new ProcessObserver(); private ProcessObserver() { } public static ProcessObserver Instance { get { return instance; } } public void Add(BackgroundWorker worker, IProcessReporter reporter) { if (!pairs.ContainsKey(worker)) { pairs.Add(worker, reporter); if (process.ContainsKey(reporter)) { worker.ReportProgress(process[reporter]); } } } public void Remove(BackgroundWorker worker) { if(!pairs.ContainsKey(worker)) return; if (process.ContainsKey(pairs[worker])) { process.Remove(pairs[worker]); } pairs.Remove(worker); } public void Update(IProcessReporter reporter) { if(process.ContainsKey(reporter)) process[reporter] = reporter.ProcessPercentage; else { process.Add(reporter, reporter.ProcessPercentage); } foreach (var pair in pairs) { if (pair.Value == reporter) { pair.Key.ReportProgress(reporter.ProcessPercentage);//找到对应的BackgroundWorker,刷新进度 } } } }
3.2 修改拦截器 WorkThreadAttribute
public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args) { var worker = new BackgroundWorker(); worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork); worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);
if (args.Instance is IProcessReporter) { processReporter = args.Instance as IProcessReporter; ProcessObserver.Instance.Add(worker, processReporter); worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true; worker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(worker_ProgressChanged); }
worker.RunWorkerAsync(args); blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog; if (blockForm != null) { blockForm.Block(); } }
3.3 修改ProcessForm 对 IProcessReporter的实现,进度发生变化时更新到Observer
private int percentage; public int ProcessPercentage { get{ return percentage; } set { if (percentage != value) { ProcessObserver.Instance.Update(this); } percentage = value; } }