python - requests 发送带文件请求

python - requests 发送带文件请求

Max.Bai

2017-08

1. requests发送文件功能

Requests 使得上传多部分编码文件变得很简单

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{
  ...
  "files": {
    "file": ""
  },
  ...
}

你可以显式地设置文件名，文件类型和请求头：

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': '0'})}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{
  ...
  "files": {
    "file": ""
  },
  ...
}

如果你想，你也可以发送作为文件来接收的字符串：

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': ('report.csv', 'some,data,to,send\nanother,row,to,send\n')}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{
  ...
  "files": {
    "file": "some,data,to,send\\nanother,row,to,send\\n"
  },
  ...
}

如果你发送一个非常大的文件作为 multipart/form-data 请求，你可能希望将请求做成数据流。默认下 requests 不支持, 但有个第三方包 requests-toolbelt 是支持的。你可以阅读 toolbelt 文档 来了解使用方法。

2. requests发送多个文件请求

只要把文件设到一个元组的列表中，其中元组结构为 (form_field_name, file_info)
按照如下格式发送数据

data = {'ts_id': tsid}
files = [('images',('1.png', open('/home/1.png', 'rb'),'image/png')),('images',('2.png', open('/home/2.png', 'rb'),'image/png'))]
r = requests.post(url, data=data, files=files)
print r.text

3. Django 接收文件

附带介绍Django里面如何接收图片文件数据：
读取文件：

from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename

def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        uploaded_files = request.FILES.getlist("images")
        try:
            for file in uploaded_files:
                filename = secure_filename(file.name)
                handle_uploaded_file(os.path.join(ft, filename), file)
        except Exception as e:
            result_json = {"msg": str(e)}
        result = {
            'json': result_json
        }
        return JsonResponse(result, safe=False)

保存文件：

def handle_uploaded_file(filename, f):
    try:
        destination = open(filename, 'wb+')
        for chunk in f.chunks():
            destination.write(chunk)
        destination.close()
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception('save %s failed: %s' % (filename, str(e)))

requests 官网：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#post-multipart-encoded