Ubuntu修改软件源的方法

sources.list作用的总结

Ubuntu中软件更新的源服务器地址存储再/etc/apt/soures.list中。文件中的内容如下:
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
上面是ubuntu官方的软件源。具体含义如下,

每一行的开头是deb和deb-src,表示直接通过.deb文件或者源文件的方式来进行安装;
第二字段,即deb和deb-src字段后是一段URL,这是软件源的地址
第三字段,即URL后的字段,是再URL路径中的dists目录下对应的文件夹,如图所示这里写图片描述
第四~七字段都是第三字段对应的目录下的子目录这里写图片描述

但是由于ubuntu的官方软件源下载速度慢而且有些第三方软件的安装包过于陈旧,已不能满足用户的需求。因此需要添加第三方软件更新源。本文以163的软件源为例讲述更新软件源的方法。

更新sources.list

在网上能够很方便的查到163的ubuntu的软件源的方法,sudo gedit /etc/apt/source.list,再打开的文件中添加如下内容:
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse
保存退出后运行命令:sudo apt-get update。
但是,这样修改后会在更新软件时会出现404 not found的错误,这是由于对于ubuntu各个版本的软件位置是不一样的,因此,需要根据ubuntu的版本号来选择对应的软件源路径。

选择对应版本的软件源

ubuntu各版本的名称如下

版本号 代号 发布时间
15.04 Vivid Vervet 2015/4
14.10 Utopic Unicorn 2014/10/23
14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr 2014/04/18
13.10 Saucy Salamander 2013/10/17
13.04 Raring Ringtail 2013/04/25
12.10 Quantal Quetzal 2012/10/18
12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin 2012/04/26
11.10 Oneiric Ocelot 2011/10/13

由于我的ubuntu版本是14.04所以需要将上面的内容修改为:
deb http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tel.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
然后再次保存,sudo apt-get update

总结

  1. 保存sources.list,sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list
    /etc/apt/sources.list-backup;
  2. 打开sources.list,sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list;
  3. 将需要更新的软件源复制到文档中;
  4. 根据ubuntu的版本将每行的第三个字段换成对应版本的名称;
  5. 保存文档,并退出;
  6. 刷新软件源,sudo apt-get update

参考资料:
[1]http://www.cnblogs.com/jiangz/p/4076811.html?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral
[2]http://www.cnblogs.com/tsingke/p/3832765.html
[3]http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=35tSbrwOYsEaxPsGPV3PeM16UibDD8ot1lUar0cOKvsJCc1rd7NgVMxZzDPet17QQq2rrOPhzW4Ceccsi8RVua

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