Pytorch版Focal Loss

Focal loss 是 文章 Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection 中提出对简单样本的进行decay的一种损失函数。是对标准的Cross Entropy Loss 的一种改进。 F L对于简单样本(p比较大)回应较小的loss。 如论文中的图1, 在p=0.6时, 标准的CE然后又较大的loss, 但是对于FL就有相对较小的loss回应。这样就是对简单样本的一种decay。其中alpha 是对每个类别在训练数据中的频率有关, 但是下面的实现我们是基于alpha=1进行实验的。

Pytorch版Focal Loss_第1张图片

标准的Cross Entropy 为:

Focal Loss 为:

其中 

以上公式为下面实现代码的基础。

 

采用基于pytorch 的yolo2 在VOC的上的实验结果如下:

 

Pytorch版Focal Loss_第2张图片

在单纯的替换了CrossEntropyLoss之后就有1个点左右的提升。效果还是比较显著的。本实验中采用的是darknet19, 要是采用更大的网络就可能会有更好的性能提升。这个实验结果已经能很好的说明的Focal Loss 的对于检测的价值了。

 

一点没做的但是可能会提升性能:

1. 采用soft - gamma: 在训练的过程中阶段性的增大gamma 可能会有更好的性能提升

 

 

本文实验中采用的Focal Loss 代码如下。

关于Focal Loss 的数学推倒在文章:Focal Loss 的前向与后向公式推导

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable

class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
    r"""
        This criterion is a implemenation of Focal Loss, which is proposed in 
        Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection.

            Loss(x, class) = - \alpha (1-softmax(x)[class])^gamma \log(softmax(x)[class])

        The losses are averaged across observations for each minibatch.

        Args:
            alpha(1D Tensor, Variable) : the scalar factor for this criterion
            gamma(float, double) : gamma > 0; reduces the relative loss for well-classified examples (p > .5), 
                                   putting more focus on hard, misclassified examples
            size_average(bool): By default, the losses are averaged over observations for each minibatch.
                                However, if the field size_average is set to False, the losses are
                                instead summed for each minibatch.


    """
    def __init__(self, class_num, alpha=None, gamma=2, size_average=True):
        super(FocalLoss, self).__init__()
        if alpha is None:
            self.alpha = Variable(torch.ones(class_num, 1))
        else:
            if isinstance(alpha, Variable):
                self.alpha = alpha
            else:
                self.alpha = Variable(alpha)
        self.gamma = gamma
        self.class_num = class_num
        self.size_average = size_average

    def forward(self, inputs, targets):
        N = inputs.size(0)
        C = inputs.size(1)
        P = F.softmax(inputs)

        class_mask = inputs.data.new(N, C).fill_(0)
        class_mask = Variable(class_mask)
        ids = targets.view(-1, 1)
        class_mask.scatter_(1, ids.data, 1.)
        #print(class_mask)


        if inputs.is_cuda and not self.alpha.is_cuda:
            self.alpha = self.alpha.cuda()
        alpha = self.alpha[ids.data.view(-1)]

        probs = (P*class_mask).sum(1).view(-1,1)

        log_p = probs.log()
        #print('probs size= {}'.format(probs.size()))
        #print(probs)

        batch_loss = -alpha*(torch.pow((1-probs), self.gamma))*log_p 
        #print('-----bacth_loss------')
        #print(batch_loss)


        if self.size_average:
            loss = batch_loss.mean()
        else:
            loss = batch_loss.sum()
        return loss

 转自https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28527749

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