ubuntu 16.04 update-rc.d使用说明及其它一些注意事项
原文地址：https://chenjiehua.me/linux/ubuntu-16-04.html
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS正式版刚发布，就迫不及待的要来重装系统了。虽然新系统不错，但是部分软件跟系统之间却出现了一些小坑……
update-rc.d
在安装 supervisor 时候采用 apt-get 方式正常安装，配置管理其他进程也都一切正常。然而，重启系统之后却发现 supervisor 里面的程序都没有启动，仔细一看，就连 supervisord 也没有随系统正常启动。挺郁闷的，14.04 中 apt-get 安装supervisor后都没出现过这个问题。
查看 /etc/init.d/supervisor 正常，可以通过 sudo service supervisor start 正常启动；再查看 /etc/rcX.d 各个目录，也发现有 S/KNNsupervisor ，不过却发现 NN=01，这里就有点异常了。
|
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7
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# 移除启动项
$
sudo
update
-
rc
.
d
supervisor
remove
# 重新添加
$
sudo
update
-
rc
.
d
supervisor
defaults
# 结果还是一样 NN=01，怎么supvisor默认的启动顺序会怎么靠前呢？
# 在 ubuntu 14.04 中，/etc/rc2.d，NN=20
lrwxrwxrwx
1
root
root
20
Jul
16
2015
S20supervisor
->
.
.
/
init
.
d
/
supervisor*
|
查看 update-rc.d 文档，对比 14.04 发现了一些区别：
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# ubuntu 14.04
NAME
update
-
rc
.
d
-
install
and
remove
System
-
V
style
init
script
links
SYNOPSIS
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
[
-
f
]
name
remove
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
name
defaults
[
NN
|
SS
KK
]
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
name
start
|
stop
NN
runlevel
[
runlevel
]
.
.
.
.
start
|
stop
NN
runlevel
[
runlevel
]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
name
disable
|
enable
[
S
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
]
# ubuntu 16.04
$
man
update
-
rc
.
d
……
SYNOPSIS
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
[
-
f
]
name
remove
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
name
defaults
update
-
rc
.
d
[
-
n
]
name
disable
|
enable
[
S
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
]
……
|
可以看到 update-rc.d name defaults 命令发生了变化，同时 start/stop 也没有了。继续查看文档：
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# ubuntu 16.04
INSTALLING
INIT
SCRIPT
LINKS
update
-
rc
.
d
requires
dependency
and
runlevel
information
to
be
provided
in
the
init
.
d
script
LSB
comment
header
of
all
init
.
d
scripts
.
See
the
insserv
(
8
)
manual
page
for
details
about
the
LSB
header
format
.
When
run
with
the
defaults
option
,
update
-
rc
.
d
makes
links
named
/
etc
/
rcrunlevel
.
d
/
[
SK
]
NNname
that
point
to
the
script
/
etc
/
init
.
d
/
name
,
using
runlevel
and
dependency
information
from
the
init
.
d
script
LSB
comment
header
.
If
any
files
named
/
etc
/
rcrunlevel
.
d
/
[
SK
]
?
?
name
already
exist
then
update
-
rc
.
d
does
nothing
.
The
program
was
written
this
way
so
that
it
will
never
change
an
existing
configuration
,
which
may
have
been
customized
by
the
system
administrator
.
The
pro‐
gram
will
only
install
links
if
none
are
present
,
i
.
e
.
,
if
it
appears
that
the
service
has
never
been
installed
before
.
Older
versions
of
update
-
rc
.
d
also
supported
start
and
stop
options
.
These
options
are
no
longer
supported
,
and
are
now
equiv‐
alent
to
the
defaults
option
.
A
common
system
administration
error
is
to
delete
the
links
with
the
thought
that
this
will
"disable"
the
service
,
i
.
e
.
,
that
this
will
prevent
the
service
from
being
started
.
However
,
if
all
links
have
been
deleted
then
the
next
time
the
package
is
upgraded
,
the
package
's postinst script will run update-rc.d again and this will reinstall links at their factory default loca‐
tions. The correct way to disable services is to configure the service as stopped in all runlevels in which it is started by
default. In the System V init system this means renaming the service'
s
symbolic
links
from
S
to
K
.
The
script
/
etc
/
init
.
d
/
name
must
exist
before
update
-
rc
.
d
is
run
to
create
the
links
.
|
也就是说 update-rc.d 默认根据 /etc/init.d 中脚本内定义的依赖和 runlevel 来进行设置，而不再提供 NN让我们手动指定启动顺序，查看 /etc/init.d/supervisor：
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### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: supervisor
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $network $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start/stop supervisor
# Description: Start/stop supervisor daemon and its configured
# subprocesses.
### END INIT INFO
|
Required-Start和 Required-Stop 两项应该是有点问题，具体不懂，参考了 redis-server 的启动脚本：
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### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: redis-server
# Required-Start: $syslog $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $syslog $remote_fs
# Should-Start: $local_fs
# Should-Stop: $local_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: redis-server - Persistent key-value db
# Description: redis-server - Persistent key-value db
### END INIT INFO
|
这里应该是缺少了 syslog，在 /etc/init.d/supervisor 中添加上 $syslog，然后再设置开机启动：
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2
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4
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$
sudo
update
-
rc
.
d
supervisor
defaults
# 看到 /etc/rc2.d
lrwxrwxrwx
1
root
root
20
4月
22
01
:
18
S02supervisor
->
.
.
/
init
.
d
/
supervisor
lrwxrwxrwx
1
root
root
22
4月
21
23
:
40
S02redis
-
server
->
.
.
/
init
.
d
/
redis
-
server
|
java
折腾kafka时候需要依赖java环境，一看 Ubuntu 16.04 提供了 openjdk-9-jre，那就 apt-get 安装一个。安装完成后启动 kafka，却报错：
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Unrecognized
VM
option
'PrintGCDateStamps'
|
难道 jre 安装有问题？
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3
4
5
6
7
8
|
$
java
-
version
openjdk
version
"9-internal"
OpenJDK
Runtime
Environment
(
build
9
-
internal
+
0
-
2016
-
04
-
14
-
195246.buildd.src
)
OpenJDK
64
-
Bit
Server
VM
(
build
9
-
internal
+
0
-
2016
-
04
-
14
-
195246.buildd.src
,
mixed
mode
)
$
update
-
alternatives
--
display
java
java
-
自动模式
链接目前指向
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
9
-
openjdk
-
amd64
/
jre
/
bin
/
java
|
看起来也没什么问题呀，难道是openjdk的问题？那我就安装一下 oracle jre：
|
1
2
3
4
|
$
sudo
apt
-
get
install
python
-
software
-
properties
$
sudo
add
-
apt
-
repository
ppa
:
webupd8team
/
java
$
sudo
apt
-
get
update
$
sudo
apt
-
get
install
oracle
-
java9
-
installer
|
安装完成后，运行kafka还是报错。。。Google了一下 “PrintGCDateStamps”参数，发现有人遇到类似的问题，作者的解决方案是直接注释掉了kafka目录下的 ./bin/kafka-run-class.sh：
|
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8
|
# GC options
GC_FILE_SUFFIX
=
'-gc.log'
GC_LOG_FILE_NAME
=
''
if
[
"x$GC_LOG_ENABLED"
=
"xtrue"
]
;
then
GC_LOG_FILE_NAME
=
$
DAEMON_NAME
$
GC_FILE_SUFFIX
# 注释掉下面的两个 PrintGCxxxStamps 参数
KAFKA_GC_LOG_OPTS
=
"-Xloggc:$LOG_DIR/$GC_LOG_FILE_NAME -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps "
fi
|
虽然总感觉有点别扭，但是总得让kafka跑起来先。
然后要跑 Apache Spark，执行 ./bin/pyspark，却又是java报错：
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Python
2.7.11
+
(
default
,
Apr
17
2016
,
14
:
00
:
29
)
[
GCC
5.3.1
20160413
]
on
linux2
Type
"help"
,
"copyright"
,
"credits"
or
"license"
for
more
information
.
Exception
in
thread
"main"
java
.
lang
.
NumberFormatException
:
For
input
string
:
"9-ea"
at
java
.
lang
.
NumberFormatException
.
forInputString
(
java
.
base
@
9
-
ea
/
NumberFormatException
.
java
:
65
)
at
java
.
lang
.
Integer
.
parseInt
(
java
.
base
@
9
-
ea
/
Integer
.
java
:
695
)
at
java
.
lang
.
Integer
.
parseInt
(
java
.
base
@
9
-
ea
/
Integer
.
java
:
813
)
at
org
.
apache
.
spark
.
launcher
.
CommandBuilderUtils
.
addPermGenSizeOpt
(
CommandBuilderUtils
.
java
:
326
)
at
org
.
apache
.
spark
.
launcher
.
SparkSubmitCommandBuilder
.
buildSparkSubmitCommand
(
SparkSubmitCommandBuilder
.
java
:
223
)
at
org
.
apache
.
spark
.
launcher
.
SparkSubmitCommandBuilder
.
buildCommand
(
SparkSubmitCommandBuilder
.
java
:
121
)
at
org
.
apache
.
spark
.
launcher
.
Main
.
main
(
Main
.
java
:
86
)
Traceback
(
most
recent
call
last
)
:
File
"/home/jachua/software/spark/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/python/pyspark/shell.py"
,
line
43
,
in
<
module
>
sc
=
SparkContext
(
pyFiles
=
add_files
)
File
"/home/jachua/software/spark/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/python/pyspark/context.py"
,
line
112
,
in
__init__
SparkContext
.
_ensure_initialized
(
self
,
gateway
=
gateway
)
File
"/home/jachua/software/spark/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/python/pyspark/context.py"
,
line
245
,
in
_ensure_initialized
SparkContext
.
_gateway
=
gateway
or
launch_gateway
(
)
File
"/home/jachua/software/spark/spark-1.6.1-bin-hadoop2.6/python/pyspark/java_gateway.py"
,
line
94
,
in
launch_gateway
raise
Exception
(
"Java gateway process exited before sending the driver its port number"
)
Exception
:
Java
gateway
process
exited
before
sending
the
driver
its
port
number
|
看了一下 java 的版本号：
|
1
2
3
4
|
$
java
-
version
java
version
"9-ea"
Java
(
TM
)
SE
Runtime
Environment
(
build
9
-
ea
+
116
)
Java
HotSpot
(
TM
)
64
-
Bit
Server
VM
(
build
9
-
ea
+
116
,
mixed
mode
)
|
略蛋疼，竟然会是版本号字符串问题。。。想想要不就装 jdk-8 的试试看：
|
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2
3
|
# openjdk 和 oracle jdk一起安装算了，一个一个测试
$
sudo
apt
-
get
install
openjdk
-
8
-
jre
openjdk
-
8
-
jdk
$
sudo
apt
-
get
install
oracle
-
java8
-
installer
|
看看现在系统里面已经安装的jdk：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
$
sudo
update
-
alternatives
--
display
config
java
-
手动模式
link
best
version
is
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
8
-
oracle
/
jre
/
bin
/
java
链接目前指向
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
9
-
oracle
/
bin
/
java
link
java
is
/
usr
/
bin
/
java
slave
java
.
1.gz
is
/
usr
/
share
/
man
/
man1
/
java
.
1.gz
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
8
-
openjdk
-
amd64
/
jre
/
bin
/
java
-
优先级
1081
次要
java
.
1.gz：
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
8
-
openjdk
-
amd64
/
jre
/
man
/
man1
/
java
.
1.gz
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
8
-
oracle
/
jre
/
bin
/
java
-
优先级
1094
次要
java
.
1.gz：
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
8
-
oracle
/
man
/
man1
/
java
.
1.gz
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
9
-
openjdk
-
amd64
/
bin
/
java
-
优先级
1091
次要
java
.
1.gz：
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
9
-
openjdk
-
amd64
/
man
/
man1
/
java
.
1.gz
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
/
java
-
9
-
oracle
/
bin
/
java
-
优先级
1093
# 或者也可以直接看目录
$
ls
-
al
/
usr
/
lib
/
jvm
lrwxrwxrwx
1
root
root
20
4月
23
16
:
26
java
-
1.8.0
-
openjdk
-
amd64
->
java
-
8
-
openjdk
-
amd64
lrwxrwxrwx
1
root
root
20
4月
15
04
:
09
java
-
1.9.0
-
openjdk
-
amd64
->
java
-
9
-
openjdk
-
amd64
drwxr
-
xr
-
x
7
root
root
4096
5月
16
00
:
50
java
-
8
-
openjdk
-
amd64
drwxr
-
xr
-
x
8
root
root
4096
5月
16
00
:
59
java
-
8
-
oracle
drwxr
-
xr
-
x
6
root
root
4096
4月
27
21
:
51
java
-
9
-
openjdk
-
amd64
drwxr
-
xr
-
x
8
root
root
4096
5月
15
23
:
33
java
-
9
-
oracle
$
java
-
version
|
选择不同版本的java：
|
1
|
$
sudo
update
-
alternatives
--
config
java
|
选择 openjdk-8：
|
1
2
3
4
|
$
java
-
version
openjdk
version
"1.8.0_91"
OpenJDK
Runtime
Environment
(
build
1.8.0_91
-
8u91
-
b14
-
0ubuntu4
~
16.04.1
-
b14
)
OpenJDK
64
-
Bit
Server
VM
(
build
25.91
-
b14
,
mixed
mode
)
|
选择 oracle-java-8：
|
1
2
3
4
|
$
java
-
version
java
version
"1.8.0_91"
Java
(
TM
)
SE
Runtime
Environment
(
build
1.8.0_91
-
b14
)
Java
HotSpot
(
TM
)
64
-
Bit
Server
VM
(
build
25.91
-
b14
,
mixed
mode
)
|
然后测试了 Spark，运行正常。再回头看看一开始 kafka 的问题，openjdk version 是 “9-internal”，看来一切都是jdk-9导致的坑爹。