转载请标明出处:http://fuliang.iteye.com/blog/1122051
公司的蜘蛛抓取的内容一个记录是以TAB分割的各个字段的值,并且随着各种分类得分、正文静态得分策略的添加,版本不断的演变。每次做抽样、分析、分类语料等文本处理都需要写一些样板式的代码,并且得到wiki查找指定版本每个字段的位置。构建一个好的DSL来自动处理这件事情能够省去很多重复的操作,只需要关注要处理的事情即可。
我们想提供简单自然的API来做事情,我们常用的需求有:
1、每次版本变更几乎不需要修改代码、只需要添加配置文件,比如新版本增加一个
travel_confidence,我们不需要修改代码就可以使用:
crawler_file.find_by_travel_confidence(90)
crawler_file.find_by_travel_confidence_gt(50)
...
2、可以自动的识别版本、并得到版本号:
crawler_file.version
3、按照次序给出各个字段的名字:
crawler_file.field_names
4、支持模糊查询字段的名字:
crawler_file.grep_fields(/url/)
5、根据某个字段的模糊或者精确的值来在一个文件中查找记录
#根据host来查找记录
crawler_file.find_by_host("www.9tour.cn") do |record|
printf("%s\t%s\n", record.title, record.host)
end
#根据标题的字段来模糊查找
crawler_file.find_by_title_like(/线路/) do |record|
puts record.title
end
6、数字的字段我们需要支持根据大小关系来查找记录:比如gt(>)、ge(>=)
eq(=)、le(<=)、lt(<)
#content_confidence大于50的记录
crawler_file.find_by_content_confidence_gt(50) do |record|
printf("%s\t%s\n", record.title, record.content_confidence)
end
7、比较复杂的需求,我们可以写一些字段小过滤器,来找到需要的记录:
filter = lambda{|host,title| host == "www.9tour.cn" && title =~ /线路/}
crawler_file.find_by_fields([:host,:title],filter) do |record|
printf("%s\t%s\n", record.host,record.title)
end
8.我们需要代码DRY。
我们下面看看如何完成这个功能,首先我们可以使用yaml来配置版本以及记录对应的字段:
v1:
download_time: 0
host: 1
url: 2
url_md5: 3
parent_url_md5: 4
crawl_level: 5
loading_time: 6
anchor_text: 7
title: -4
keywords: -3
description: -2
content: -1
v2:
download_time: 0
host: 1
url: 2
url_md5: 3
parent_url_md5: 4
crawl_level: 5
loading_time: 6
http_code: 7
content_confidence: 8
anchor_text: 9
title: -4
keywords: -3
description: -2
content: -1
...#中间省略
v9:
download_time: 0
host: 1
url: 2
url_md5: 3
parent_url_md5: 4
crawl_level: 5
publish_time: 6
http_code: 7
content_confidence: 8
list_confidence: 9
feeling_confidence: 10
travel_confidence: 11
qnc_cat: 12
qnc_chi: 13
qnc_zhu: 14
qnc_xing: 15
qnc_you: 16
qnc_gou: 17
qnc_le: 18
anchor_text: 19
raw_title: -10
title: -9
keywords: -8
description: -7
content: -6
lda_tag: -5
location_text: -4
location_confidence: -3
hotel_confidence: -2
gonglue_confidence: -1
以及是各个版本是数字字段的版本集合:
num_fields:
- download_time
- crawl_level
- publish_time
- content_confidence
- list_confidence
- feeling_confidence
- travel_confidence
- hotel_confidence
- gonglue_confidence
功能一:根据字段数来简单识别版本:
class VersionDetector
@@field_num_version_map = {
12 => 1,
14 => 2,
15 => 3,
24 => 4,
25 => 5,
16 => 6,
26 => 7,
27 => 8,
30 => 9
};
class << self
def detect(file)
version = -1
if file.is_a?(String) then
line = File.open(file) do |file| file.gets end
version = @@field_num_version_map[line.split(/\t/).size]
elsif file.is_a?(File) then
before_pos = file.pos
file.seek(0)
line = file.gets
version = @@field_num_version_map[line.split(/\t/).size]
file.seek(before_pos)
else
raise ArgumentError.new 'Argument type: #{file.class} is error, must be a String or File type'
end
raise Exception.new 'Unkown version file format' if version.nil?
return version
end
end
end
我们通过yaml来load版本配置:
require 'yaml'
class FieldConfig
attr_reader :fields_map, :num_fields
def initialize(version)
config = YAML.load_file 'conf.yml'
@fields_map = config["v#{version}"]
@num_fields = config["num_fields"]
end
end
我们根据配置文件动态的定义记录的字段,这样我们修改字段,不需要修改代码:
class CrawlerRecord
def self.config(field_config)
@@field_config = field_config
attr_reader *(field_config.fields_map.keys) #动态定义字段的读方法
end
def initialize(raw_line)
@raw_line = raw_line
fields = raw_line.split(/\t/)
@@field_config.fields_map.each do |key,value|#动态设置各个字段的值
instance_variable_set("@" + key.to_s,fields[value])
end
end
def raw
@raw_line
end
end
我们写一个CrawlerFile类来支持上面描述的一些功能:
class CrawlerFile
end
在这个类中定义数字字段支持的关系操作符:
@@num_fields_op = {
:gt => ">",
:lt => "<",
:eq => "=",
:ge => ">=",
:le => "<="
};
字段和版本的读取方法:
attr_reader :field_names, :version
定义初始化方法:
def initialize(path)
@file = File.new(path) #对应的文件
@version = VersionDetector.detect(@file) #得到版本信息
@@field_config = FieldConfig.new(@version) #得到该版本的配置
@field_names = @@field_config.fields_map.keys #根据配置文件得到字段名字
CrawlerRecord.config(@@field_config) #配置CrawlerRecord动态生成字段读方法
define_help_method #定义帮助方法,来完成上面列举的其他功能
end
实现define_help_method
def define_help_method
CrawlerFile.class_eval do
#根据配置文件动态定义按照一个字段模糊查找方法find_by_xxx_like
@@field_config.fields_map.keys.each do |field|
define_method :"find_by_#{field}_like" do |regex,&block|
if block.nil? then
lines = []
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
lines << line if line.send(field) =~ regex
end
lines
else
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
block.call(line) if line.send(field) =~ regex
end
end
@file.seek(0)
end
#根据配置文件动态定义按照一个字段模糊查找方法find_by_xxx
define_method :"find_by_#{field}" do |value,&block|
if block.nil? then
lines = []
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
lines << line if line.send(field) == value
end
lines
else
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
block.call(line) if line.send(field) == value
end
end
@file.seek(0)
end
end
#为所有的数字字段动态定义按照大小关系查找的方法:
@@field_config.num_fields.each do |field|
next if not @@field_config.fields_map[field]
@@num_fields_op.keys.each do |op|
define_method :"find_by_#{field}_#{op.to_s}" do |value,&block|
op_val = @@num_fields_op[op]
if block.nil? then
lines = []
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
field_val = line.send(field)
lines << line if eval("#{field_val} #{op_val} #{value}")
end
lines
else
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
field_val = line.send(field)
block.call(line) if eval("#{field_val.to_i} #{op_val} #{value}")
end
end
@file.seek(0)
end
end
end
end
end
支持字段的组合的查询:
def find_by_fields(fields,cond_checker)
if block_given? then
@file.each_line do |raw_line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
yield line if cond_checker.call(*fields.collect{|field| line.send(field) })
end
else
lines = []
@file.each_line do |line|
line = CrawlerRecord.new(raw_line)
lines << line if cond_checker.call(*fields.collect{|field| line.send(field)})
end
lines
end
@file.seek(0)
end
关闭文件:
def close
@file.close
end