考研英语基础语法(未完待续)

奋斗的开始

简单句

什么是英语句子

英语必须具备主谓结构,并且主语一定是谓语动作的发生者,如果有宾语的话,宾语一定是谓语动词的承受者。
I will cut my hair.
The barber will cut my hair.

英语句子的基本结构

  1. 主谓

  2. 主谓宾
    谓语:实义动词

  3. 主谓表
    谓语:系动词

    • be
    • 感官动词:look(好像=seem=appear), smell(n.气味), taste(n. 喜好have taste for something), sound(n.声音 adj. 甜美的), feel
    • 变化:become, get, turn, grow, fall
    • 保持:keep, stay, remain, stand
  4. 主谓双宾

  5. 主谓宾宾补
    上面两种结构的区别,只要最后两个宾语中间加个be动词,读起来意思是不对的,则是主谓双宾,如果读起来意思是对了,则是主谓宾宾补。

句子的成分△△△△△

谓语

  1. 谓语的成分
    时态实义动词系动词充当谓语
  2. 一句话动词能不能多
    答案:绝对不能,一句话中只能有一个动词的存在,并且充当谓语,多余的动 词全部都要变成不是动词。
    谓语只能是动词
    动词只能做谓语~~
    Laughing at others is my hobby.
    I enjoy seeing movies.
    My dream is to become a rich man.
    所以我们要把一句话中所有不做谓语的动词变成不是动词(ving, ved, to do)

大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员,主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。
Pandas are the rarest member in bear family, mainly living in the forest of Chinese Southwest.
长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地。
YangZi River flowing through diverse(不同的) ecological(生态系统), keeps the home of a sea of endangered species, irrigating Chinese 1/5 land.

  1. 把多句话写成一句话的方法

    • 独立主格
      我爱你,你爱我。
      I loveing you, you love me.(独立主格)
      冬天来了,春天就不远了。
      Winter approaching, Spring will be around the corner.
      我是一个老师,我很喜欢唱歌。
      I being a teacher, I have passion for singing songs.
      Being a teacher, I have passion for singing songs.
      独立主格和分词作状语
    • 连词
  2. 动词能不能少
    不能少,当一句话需要动词而又没有动词,永远都加be动词,并且没有意思。

    Your mother must be very beautiful.
    I am against(介词) you.

谓语的总结

一句话当中,有且只能有一个有时态的 实义动词/系动词的存在,并且充当谓语

主语

1.主语的成分

  • 名词
    Handsome and strong are his nature.
    Handsomeness and strength are his nature.

  • 代词

  • 非谓语动词
    Being handsome and strong is his nature.

    be动词的用法:非谓语动词充当主语使用单数

  • 从句(引导词+句子)

2.主语能不能少
一个句子没有主语怎么办呢?

  1. 加 it 作为主语:必须与天气,温度,时间有关系

    机舱里很闷。
    It feels exceeding in the cabing.

  2. there be 句型,听到 “有” 的时候使用。

    有很多大学生喜欢我。
    be→exist/seem/remain
    There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me.

  • 被动:当听到一句话没有主语或者是人称代词做主语的时候,都可以考虑写成被动。

    必须指出坚持很重要。(指出→被指出
    Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.
    越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重。(认为→被认为
    Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing amount of professors.

    三种情况无被动:
    1. 动词后面有介词时,无被动
    2. 系动词没有被动
    3. have表达“有”的意思时,无被动

  • 人称代词
    不到万不得已,不使用人称代词

练习

如果有梦想,就应该会成功。
If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieved.

宾语

宾语的成分

  • 名词
  • 代词
  • 非谓语动词
  • 从句
    主语和宾语可以通过被动变换位置,所以词性是一样的,完。

句子不一定有宾语。

表语

表语的成分

  • 名词
  • 代词
  • 非谓语动词
  • 从句
  • 形容词
  • 介词短语

简单句的考点分析

写作

  1. 所有写不来的长难句暂时都先写成简单句,保证语法正确

    越来越多的大学生自杀,我们应该关注这个话题了。
    More and more undergraduates commit suicide, we should pay attetion to this problem.
    站在讲台上的女人看起来很好看。
    There is a laddy on the platform, she looks very beautiful.

  2. 所有写不来的单词都可以写成自己会的词汇,反正老师也不知道我要表达什么意思,哈哈,真好呀~

长难句分析

  1. 分析长难句的第一步就是找这句话的动词,也就是谓语,从而找到一句话的主谓宾。如果一句话找到多个动词,就确定主句的谓语动词(前面没有引导词的动词就是主句的谓语动词)

练习

  • 这两天心里很不爽。
    I feel upset these two days.
  • 全球在变
    It’s becoming warm throghout the world.
  • 重庆很多人口。
    The population of Chongqing is very large.
    There is a large of population in Chongqing.
  • 嫉妒本身就是一种仰望。
    Jealousness is a kind of worship.
    Being jealous is a kind of worship.
  • 有意义就是好好活,好好活就是做有意义的事情。
    Being meaningful proves(系动词) live well. Living well seems to do meaningful things.
  • 建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题。
  • 毫无疑问,溺爱孩子这个问题越来越严重了。
    There is little doubt that spoiling children is getting worse.
  • 保护运动员是应该的。
    Players are supposed to be protectted.

并列句

什么是并列句

就是用连词连接连句子。

I love you, you love that dog.

  • 连词
    I love you, and you love that dog.

常见的并列连词

  • 平行:and, not only…but also…
  • 副词短语:similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the meanwhile
  • 转折:but,yet,while,whereas
  • 副词短语:however, nevertheless, on the contrary, conversely, unexpectedly, unfortunately, by contrast
  • 选择:or,whether…or…
  • 副词短语:alternatively
  • 因果:for, so
  • 副词短语:therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
  • 递进:then
  • 副词短语:besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsquently, in addition

并列句的考点分析

  1. 写作
    只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系,一定要用逻辑关系词(连词,副词,介词和介词短语).
    爱情已经不在了,他还在留恋过去。
    Romance has evaporated. On the contrary, she still misses the past.
    Romance has evaporated, and on the contrary, she still misses the past.

连词与副词,介词短语的区别

  • 使用连词时,可以加逗号,也可以不加。
  • 其他的逻辑关系词前面,要么用句号,要么加连词and。

有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。
There remain friends an army of companies coming from the distance/afar, and consequently, I feel more than delighted.

你可能感兴趣的:(笔记)