【刘晓燕语法长难句】 并列句

一、什么是并列句？

并列句就是用连词连接两个句子。

I love you, you love the dog. 这句话是错误的，逗号不能连接两个句子。

• 独立主格：I loving you, you love the dog.
• 连词：I love you but you love the dog.
• 让步状语从句：Also I love you, you love the dog.

二、常见的并列连词

平行：and，not only … but also …

• similarly，equally，likewise，at the same time，in the meanwhile

转折：but，yet，while，whereas

• however，nevertheless，on the contrary，conversely，unexpectedly，unfortunately，by contrast

选择：or，whether … or …

• alternatively

因果：for，so

• therefore，thus，consequently，as a result

递进：then

• besides，furthermore，moreover，additionally，subsequently，in addition

【例】：爱情早已不在了，她还在留意过去。

• 转折关系：Romance has evaporated, but she still misses the past.
• 介词短语：Romance has evaporated and on the contrary she still misses the past.

连词与副词、介词短语的区别：

• 连词的前面有无逗号均可
• 其他的逻辑关系词前面要么用句号，要么用连词 and

【例】：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。

• There remain an army of（许多的） companies coming from the distance and consequently I feel more than delight.

【例】：都说我如水百变，可知我清澈不变。

• I am claimed changeable like water and by contrast my clarity keeps consistent.

【例】：你还记得那天吗？我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，你走了过来，拍拍我的肩膀，告诉我人生没有终点。

• Do you still keep that day in mind? I failed to pass CET4, and as a result, I shed tears in the rain alone. At the same time, you came up to me and subsequently you beat my shoulder and told me “there exists no destination in life”.

三、并列句的考点分析

1. 写作

只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词（连词、副词、介词和介词短语）。

2. 完型

只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思即可。

• 我喜欢刘晓燕，因为她很美丽。
• 我喜欢刘晓燕，并且我喜欢刘大燕。
• 我喜欢刘晓燕，但是她很丑。

读文章中心，四个选项和文章中心最近的就是答案。

3. 长难句分析

这是一句省略句：I was beaten and you.

分析长难句的第一步是找主句的谓语动词。

在分析长难句的时候，只要见到有并列连词的出现，通常都会有省略，先把省略的部分补充上再翻译。

分析长难句的第二步就是找连词，但是当连词在连接两个单词的时候，这个连词就装作没看见。

那如何查找省略的内容呢？

• 一句话只要有省略，就一定会省略在连词后而不是连词前（连词前不可能有省略）；
• 所以连词后面有的成分，连词前面通常有；如果连词后只有一个成分，连词前一定能找到它的对应成分；如果连词后有多个成分，连词不一定都能找到它们的对应成分，但至少能找到一个。
• 连词前面有，而连词后面没有的部分就是省略的部分。

比如将前面的 I was beaten and you.

• 连词是 and，连词前面有 was beaten，后面后面没有，说明省略的部分是 be beaten

• 补充完整就变成了 I was beaten and you were beaten.

Under modern conditions, this requires[谓语动词] varying measures[名词] of centralized control[定语] and[连词] hence the help[名词] of specialized scientists[定语] such as economists and operational research experts.

• 补充词汇：specialize in … 专长于…，在…方面很专业
• 很明显的可以看见，连词 and 前后的句子成分不一样，因此 and 后面应该补充谓语动词 requires
• Under modern conditions, this requires[谓语动词] varying measures[名词] of centralized control[定语] and[连词] hence (requires)[省略的谓语动词]the help[名词] of specialized scientists[定语] such as economists and operational research experts.
• 目前，这需要中央控制的各种措施，所以这也需要专家的帮助，比如说经济学家和操作学专家。

The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated[动词+ed] well by their parents[状语], sought out[动词+ed] as friend[实义动词后面跟的一定是状语] and pursued[动词+ed,] romantically[状语].

• 可以看出，后面每句话都省略了 more likely to be

• 数据表明，颜值高的人更容易受到父母的宠爱，更可能交到朋友，更容易受到他人的追求。

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to[介词] the concepts[名词] peculiar to historical work in general[定语] or to[介词] the Research techniques[名词] appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry[定语].

• 方法论指的是：一般的历史研究中所特有的概念，还是指的是适合于历史研究各个研究分支的研究方法，人们并没有达成一致。

Until these issues are resolved, a technology[名词] of behavior[定语] will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way[名词] to solve our problems[定语].

• 连词前面有 will continue to be rejected，连词后面没有，加上

  代词 指代题 的做题方法：就近原则

• 直到我们解决了这些问题，行为技术将会继续被拒绝，并且和行为技术一起，很可能解决我们问题的唯一的方式也将继续被拒绝。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for picture or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

• 达尔文认为失去了对于画画和音乐的爱好不但失去了快乐而且很可能对他的智商造成了伤害，并且更可能对他的道德品质也造成了伤害。

As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

• 随着家人搬离他们稳定的社区，搬离他们多年的朋友，搬离他们的亲戚关系，这种非正式的信息流就被切断了，并且和信息流一起当需要的时候我们就能够得到这些可靠的信息的自信也随之消失了。