NIO框架之MINA源码解析(四):粘包与断包处理及编码与解码

NIO框架之MINA源码解析(一):背景


NIO框架之MINA源码解析(二):mina核心引擎


NIO框架之MINA源码解析(三):底层通信与责任链模式应用



1、粘包与段包


粘包:指TCP协议中,发送方发送的若干包数据到接收方接收时粘成一包,从接收缓冲区看,后一包数据的头紧接着前一包数据的尾。
造成的可能原因:

    发送端需要等缓冲区满才发送出去,造成粘包

    接收方不及时接收缓冲区的包,造成多个包接收


断包:也就是数据不全,比如包太大,就把包分解成多个小包,多次发送,导致每次接收数据都不全。


2、消息传输的格式


消息长度+消息头+消息体  即前N个字节用于存储消息的长度,用于判断当前消息什么时候结束。

消息头+消息体    即固定长度的消息,前几个字节为消息头,后面的是消息头。

在MINA中用的是

消息长度+消息体 即前4个字节用于存储消息的长度,用于判断当前消息什么时候结束。


3、编码与解码


   在网络中,信息的传输都是通过字节的形式传输的,而我们在编写自己的代码时,则都是具体的对象,那么要想我们的对象能够在网络中传输,就需要编码与解码。


   编码:即把我们的消息编码成二进制形式,能以字节的形式在网络中传输。

   解码:即把我们收到的字节解码成我们代码中的对象。

   在MINA中对象的编码与解码用的都是JDK提供的ObjectOutputStream来实现的。


4、MINA中消息的处理实现


消息的接受处理,我们常用的是TCP协议,而TCP协议会分片的,在下面的代码中,具体功能就是循环从通道里面读取数据,直到没有数据可读,或者buffer满了,然后就把接受到的数据发给解码工厂进行处理。


4.1、消息的接收


//class AbstractPollingIoProcessor
private void read(S session) {
        IoSessionConfig config = session.getConfig();
        int bufferSize = config.getReadBufferSize();
        IoBuffer buf = IoBuffer.allocate(bufferSize);

        final boolean hasFragmentation = session.getTransportMetadata().hasFragmentation();

        try {
            int readBytes = 0;
            int ret;

            try {
                //是否有分片 tcp传输会有分片,即把大消息分片成多个小消息再传输
                if (hasFragmentation) {
            //read方法非阻塞,没有读到数据的时候返回0
                    while ((ret = read(session, buf)) > 0) {
                        readBytes += ret;
                        //buffer 满了
                        if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    ret = read(session, buf);

                    if (ret > 0) {
                        readBytes = ret;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                buf.flip();
            }

            if (readBytes > 0) {
                IoFilterChain filterChain = session.getFilterChain();
        //处理消息
                filterChain.fireMessageReceived(buf);
                buf = null;

                if (hasFragmentation) {
                    if (readBytes << 1 < config.getReadBufferSize()) {
                        session.decreaseReadBufferSize();
                    } else if (readBytes == config.getReadBufferSize()) {
                        session.increaseReadBufferSize();
                    }
                }
            }

            if (ret < 0) {
                scheduleRemove(session);
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            if (e instanceof IOException) {
                if (!(e instanceof PortUnreachableException)
                        || !AbstractDatagramSessionConfig.class.isAssignableFrom(config.getClass())
                        || ((AbstractDatagramSessionConfig) config).isCloseOnPortUnreachable()) {
                    scheduleRemove(session);
                }
            }

            IoFilterChain filterChain = session.getFilterChain();
            filterChain.fireExceptionCaught(e);
        }
    }


4.2、解码与编码


//class AbstractIoBuffer
 public Object getObject(final ClassLoader classLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException {
	//首先判断当前buffer中消息长度是否完整,不完整的话直接返回
        if (!prefixedDataAvailable(4)) {
            throw new BufferUnderflowException();
        }

	//消息长度
        int length = getInt();
        if (length <= 4) {
            throw new BufferDataException("Object length should be greater than 4: " + length);
        }

        int oldLimit = limit();
	//limit到消息结尾处
        limit(position() + length);
        try {
            ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(asInputStream()) {
                @Override
                protected ObjectStreamClass readClassDescriptor() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
                    int type = read();
                    if (type < 0) {
                        throw new EOFException();
                    }
                    switch (type) {
                    case 0: // NON-Serializable class or Primitive types
                        return super.readClassDescriptor();
                    case 1: // Serializable class
                        String className = readUTF();
                        Class clazz = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
                        return ObjectStreamClass.lookup(clazz);
                    default:
                        throw new StreamCorruptedException("Unexpected class descriptor type: " + type);
                    }
                }

                @Override
                protected Class resolveClass(ObjectStreamClass desc) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
                    String name = desc.getName();
                    try {
                        return Class.forName(name, false, classLoader);
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                        return super.resolveClass(desc);
                    }
                }
            };
            return in.readObject();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new BufferDataException(e);
        } finally {
            limit(oldLimit);
        }
    }

//判断当前消息是否完整 
public boolean prefixedDataAvailable(int prefixLength, int maxDataLength) {
        if (remaining() < prefixLength) {
            return false;
        }

        int dataLength;
        switch (prefixLength) {
        case 1:
            dataLength = getUnsigned(position());
            break;
        case 2:
            dataLength = getUnsignedShort(position());
            break;
        case 4:
            dataLength = getInt(position());
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("prefixLength: " + prefixLength);
        }

        if (dataLength < 0 || dataLength > maxDataLength) {
            throw new BufferDataException("dataLength: " + dataLength);
        }
	//判断当前消息是否完整 
        return remaining() - prefixLength >= dataLength;
    }

//编码
 public IoBuffer putObject(Object o) {
        int oldPos = position();
        skip(4); // Make a room for the length field.预留4个字节用于存储消息长度
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(asOutputStream()) {
                @Override
                protected void writeClassDescriptor(ObjectStreamClass desc) throws IOException {
                    try {
                        Class clz = Class.forName(desc.getName());
                        if (!Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) { // NON-Serializable class
                            write(0);
                            super.writeClassDescriptor(desc);
                        } else { // Serializable class
                            write(1);
                            writeUTF(desc.getName());
                        }
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { // Primitive types
                        write(0);
                        super.writeClassDescriptor(desc);
                    }
                }
            };
            out.writeObject(o);
            out.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new BufferDataException(e);
        }

        // Fill the length field
        int newPos = position();
        position(oldPos);
	//存储消息长度
        putInt(newPos - oldPos - 4);
        position(newPos);
        return this;
    }


4.3、断包与粘包处理

// class CumulativeProtocolDecoder
 public void decode(IoSession session, IoBuffer in, ProtocolDecoderOutput out) throws Exception {
	//是否有分片,tcp 有分片
        if (!session.getTransportMetadata().hasFragmentation()) {
            while (in.hasRemaining()) {
                if (!doDecode(session, in, out)) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            return;
        }

	// 1、断包处理
	// 2、处理粘包
        boolean usingSessionBuffer = true;
	//session中是否有断包情况(上次处理后),断包保存在session中
        IoBuffer buf = (IoBuffer) session.getAttribute(BUFFER);
        // If we have a session buffer, append data to that; otherwise
        // use the buffer read from the network directly.
        if (buf != null) {//有断包,则把当前包拼接到断包里面
            boolean appended = false;
            // Make sure that the buffer is auto-expanded.
            if (buf.isAutoExpand()) {
                try {
                    buf.put(in);
                    appended = true;
                } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                    // A user called derivation method (e.g. slice()),
                    // which disables auto-expansion of the parent buffer.
                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                    // A user disabled auto-expansion.
                }
            }

            if (appended) {
                buf.flip();
            } else {
                // Reallocate the buffer if append operation failed due to
                // derivation or disabled auto-expansion.
                buf.flip();
                IoBuffer newBuf = IoBuffer.allocate(buf.remaining() + in.remaining()).setAutoExpand(true);
                newBuf.order(buf.order());
                newBuf.put(buf);
                newBuf.put(in);
                newBuf.flip();
                buf = newBuf;

                // Update the session attribute.
                session.setAttribute(BUFFER, buf);
            }
        } else {
            buf = in;
            usingSessionBuffer = false;
        }

	//2 粘包处理,可能buffer中有多个消息,需要多次处理(解码)每个消息,直到消息处理完,或者剩下的消息不是一个完整的消息或者buffer没有数据了

        for (;;) {
            int oldPos = buf.position();
            boolean decoded = doDecode(session, buf, out);
            if (decoded) {//解码 成功
                if (buf.position() == oldPos) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("doDecode() can't return true when buffer is not consumed.");
                }
		//buffer空了
                if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {//buffer没有数据了
                    break;
                }
            } else {//剩下的消息不是一个完整的消息,断包出现了
                break;
            }
        }

        // if there is any data left that cannot be decoded, we store
        // it in a buffer in the session and next time this decoder is
        // invoked the session buffer gets appended to
        if (buf.hasRemaining()) {//剩下的消息不是一个完整的消息,断包出现了
		//如果断包已经保存在session中,则更新buffer,没有的话,就把剩下的断包保存在session中
            if (usingSessionBuffer && buf.isAutoExpand()) {
                buf.compact();
            } else {
                storeRemainingInSession(buf, session);
            }
        } else {
            if (usingSessionBuffer) {
                removeSessionBuffer(session);
            }
        }
    }


//class  ObjectSerializationDecoder
 protected boolean doDecode(IoSession session, IoBuffer in, ProtocolDecoderOutput out) throws Exception {
	//首先判断当前buffer中消息长度是否完整,不完整的话直接返回
        if (!in.prefixedDataAvailable(4, maxObjectSize)) {
            return false;
        }

        out.write(in.getObject(classLoader));
        return true;
    }




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