注意:本文基于 Android 8.1 进行分析
Qidi 2020.07.03 (Markdown & Haroopad)
我们已经知道,在AudioPolicyManager
构造时,会解析配置文件audio_policy.conf
或audio_policy_configuration.xml
。之后,它会获取到AudioFlinger
的实例,并根据解析结果,调用loadHwModule()
依次加载各个 audio HAL。
因此,AudioFlinger
与 Audio HAL 建立联系的过程一定能在它内部的代码中找到。让我们直接从AudioFlinger
的代码开始分析:
AudioFlinger::AudioFlinger()
: BnAudioFlinger(),
mMediaLogNotifier(new AudioFlinger::MediaLogNotifier()),
mPrimaryHardwareDev(NULL),
mAudioHwDevs(NULL),
//...
{
//...
// 初始化 mDevicesFactoryHal
mDevicesFactoryHal = DevicesFactoryHalInterface::create();
//...
}
// loadHwModule_l() must be called with AudioFlinger::mLock held
audio_module_handle_t AudioFlinger::loadHwModule_l(const char *name)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < mAudioHwDevs.size(); i++) {
if (strncmp(mAudioHwDevs.valueAt(i)->moduleName(), name, strlen(name)) == 0) {
ALOGW("loadHwModule() module %s already loaded", name);
return mAudioHwDevs.keyAt(i);
}
}
sp<DeviceHalInterface> dev;
// 以 Legacy 方式或 Binder 方式,真正加载 Audio HAL 的入口
int rc = mDevicesFactoryHal->openDevice(name, &dev);
if (rc) {
ALOGE("loadHwModule() error %d loading module %s", rc, name);
return AUDIO_MODULE_HANDLE_NONE;
}
//...
mAudioHwDevs.add(handle, new AudioHwDevice(handle, name, dev, flags));
ALOGI("loadHwModule() Loaded %s audio interface, handle %d", name, handle);
return handle;
}
我们看到 AudioFlinger::loadHwModule_l()
调用了mDevicesFactoryHal->openDevice()
,而实际上 mDeviceFactoryHal
是类DevicesFactoryHalHybrid
的一个实例。
在源文件 /frameworks/av/media/libaudiohal/DevicesFactoryHalHybrid.cpp
里,我们可以看到类的实现:
sp<DevicesFactoryHalInterface> DevicesFactoryHalInterface::create() {
return new DevicesFactoryHalHybrid();
}
// DevicesFatoryHalHybrid 类的作用是对 mLocalFactory 和 mHidlFactory 进行包裹,
// 而这两个成员实际上都是 sp 类型
DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::DevicesFactoryHalHybrid()
: mLocalFactory(new DevicesFactoryHalLocal()),
mHidlFactory(
#ifdef USE_LEGACY_LOCAL_AUDIO_HAL
nullptr
#else
new DevicesFactoryHalHidl()
#endif
) {
}
DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::~DevicesFactoryHalHybrid() {
}
status_t DevicesFactoryHalHybrid::openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device) {
// 当目标不是 A2DP HAL, 且宏 USE_LEGACY_LOCAL_AUDIO_HAL 未定义时,
// 始终使用 hwbinder 方式获取 Audio HAL
//
// 以我所开发的设备为例, 宏 USE_LEGACY_LOCAL_AUDIO_HAL 在 BoardCongif_common.mk 中
// 被定义为 false
if (mHidlFactory != 0 && strcmp(AUDIO_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID_A2DP, name) != 0) {
return mHidlFactory->openDevice(name, device);
}
return mLocalFactory->openDevice(name, device);
}
顺带一提,这里可以看到通过定义宏USE_LEGACY_LOCAL_AUDIO_HAL
,我们可以强制AudioFlinger
不使用 hwBinder 访问 Audio HAL,而是采用老方法加载*.so
库文件。这个宏一般定义在BoardConfig.mk
文件中。但需要注意,即便使用加载库的方式也稍稍有了变化:以前 AudioFlinger 通过 dlopen()
直接加载,现在变成了调用 vndk 接口 android_load_sphal_library()
来实现。
闲话休题。到了这里实际依然还没抵达 hwBinder 的入口,而是继续调用了 DevicesFactoryHalHybrid
的成员接口 openDevice()
。层层深入,再来看看 DevicesFactoryHalHidl
类中的实现:
status_t DevicesFactoryHalHidl::openDevice(const char *name, sp<DeviceHalInterface> *device) {
if (mDevicesFactory == 0) return NO_INIT;
IDevicesFactory::Device hidlDevice;
status_t status = nameFromHal(name, &hidlDevice);
if (status != OK) return status;
Result retval = Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
// 此处的 openDevice() 会调用到 BpHwDevicesFactory::openDevice() 中,
// BpHwDevicesFactory 的实现代码是在编译时由 soong 自动生成的
Return<void> ret = mDevicesFactory->openDevice(
hidlDevice,
// 该 lamda 函数作为回调函数传入 Bp 端,
// 当 Binder 调用完成时,该 lamda 函数会被调用
[&](Result r, const sp<IDevice>& result) {
retval = r;
if (retval == Result::OK) {
*device = new DeviceHalHidl(result); // result 是从 Binder 调用完成后返回的 IDevice 实例
}
});
if (ret.isOk()) {
if (retval == Result::OK) return OK;
else if (retval == Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS) return BAD_VALUE;
else return NO_INIT;
}
return FAILED_TRANSACTION;
}
终于,在这里面我们看到了另一个 openDevice()
,它属于 IDevicesFactory
,这就是和 audio HAL 相关的具体的 hwBinder 接口类了。这个类相应的代码实际上是在编译时自动生成的,源文件(或者说接口定义文件,HIDL 本来也是这个含义)中只有对接口的定义,位于 /hardware/interfaces/audio/2.0/IDevicesFactory.hal
中:
package [email protected];
import [email protected];
import IDevice;
interface IDevicesFactory {
typedef [email protected]::Result Result;
enum Device : int32_t {
PRIMARY,
A2DP,
USB,
R_SUBMIX,
STUB
};
/**
* Opens an audio device. To close the device, it is necessary to release
* references to the returned device object.
*
* @param device device type.
* @return retval operation completion status. Returns INVALID_ARGUMENTS
* if there is no corresponding hardware module found,
* NOT_INITIALIZED if an error occured while opening the hardware
* module.
* @return result the interface for the created device.
*/
openDevice(Device device) generates (Result retval, IDevice result);
};
编译时,上方的 .hal
文件会转换成相应的 .cpp
和 .h
文件。这些文件均可以对应在 /out/soong/.intermediates/hardware/interfaces/audio/2.0/
路径下找到。这里我们简要查看 openDevice()
接口相关的生成代码,看看都做了些什么:
// Methods from IDevicesFactory follow.
::android::hardware::Return<void> BpHwDevicesFactory::_hidl_openDevice(::android::hardware::IInterface *_hidl_this, ::android::hardware::details::HidlInstrumentor *_hidl_this_instrumentor, IDevicesFactory::Device device, openDevice_cb _hidl_cb) {
#ifdef __ANDROID_DEBUGGABLE__
//...
#else
(void) _hidl_this_instrumentor;
#endif // __ANDROID_DEBUGGABLE__
//...
#endif // __ANDROID_DEBUGGABLE__
::android::hardware::Parcel _hidl_data;
::android::hardware::Parcel _hidl_reply;
::android::status_t _hidl_err;
::android::hardware::Status _hidl_status;
Result _hidl_out_retval;
::android::sp<IDevice> _hidl_out_result;
_hidl_err = _hidl_data.writeInterfaceToken(BpHwDevicesFactory::descriptor);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
_hidl_err = _hidl_data.writeInt32((int32_t)device);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
// (生成代码)执行 transact 调用, 传入 command code 1 (openDevice)
_hidl_err = ::android::hardware::IInterface::asBinder(_hidl_this)->transact(1 /* openDevice */, _hidl_data, &_hidl_reply);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
_hidl_err = ::android::hardware::readFromParcel(&_hidl_status, _hidl_reply);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
if (!_hidl_status.isOk()) { return _hidl_status; }
_hidl_err = _hidl_reply.readInt32((int32_t *)&_hidl_out_retval);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
{
::android::sp<::android::hardware::IBinder> _hidl__hidl_out_result_binder;
// (生成代码)获得 audio HAL binder 实例
_hidl_err = _hidl_reply.readNullableStrongBinder(&_hidl__hidl_out_result_binder);
if (_hidl_err != ::android::OK) { goto _hidl_error; }
// 获得 audio device 实例
_hidl_out_result = ::android::hardware::fromBinder<IDevice,BpHwDevice,BnHwDevice>(_hidl__hidl_out_result_binder);
}
// 调用回调函数(也就是前面的 lamda 函数)将 audio device 实例传回上层
_hidl_cb(_hidl_out_retval, _hidl_out_result);
atrace_end(ATRACE_TAG_HAL);
#ifdef __ANDROID_DEBUGGABLE__
//...
#endif // __ANDROID_DEBUGGABLE__
_hidl_status.setFromStatusT(_hidl_err);
return ::android::hardware::Return<void>();
_hidl_error:
_hidl_status.setFromStatusT(_hidl_err);
return ::android::hardware::Return<void>(_hidl_status);
}
能看出来,这些自动生成的代码仍然是使用的 Parcel.writeXXX --> asBinder()/remote() --> transact() --> BinderDriver --> onTransact() --> Parcel.readXXX
那一套。(实际上,binder, hwbinder 和 vndbinder 共用一套 Binder 类关系和代码逻辑)
至此,AudioFlinger 便获得了 audio HAL 的 Bp 端实例,通过它即可自由调用 audio HAL 任意接口。以 setMasterVolume()
为例:
status_t AudioFlinger::setMasterVolume(float value)
{
//...
// Set master volume in the HALs which support it.
for (size_t i = 0; i < mAudioHwDevs.size(); i++) {
AutoMutex lock(mHardwareLock);
AudioHwDevice *dev = mAudioHwDevs.valueAt(i);
mHardwareStatus = AUDIO_HW_SET_MASTER_VOLUME;
if (dev->canSetMasterVolume()) {
// 通过 audio device 实例调用 Audio HAL 中实现的 setMasterVolume() 接口
// 实际执行时依然以 HIDL 方式经过 hwBinder 完成
dev->hwDevice()->setMasterVolume(value);
}
mHardwareStatus = AUDIO_HW_IDLE;
}
//...
return NO_ERROR;
}
最后,我们再一起通过下方的类图,回顾和理清刚刚提到的几个类之间的关系吧: