Oracle RMAN 备份命令

1、切换服务器归档模式,如果已经是归档模式可跳过此步:%sqlplus /nolog      (启动sqlplus)SQL> conn / as sysdba      (以DBA身份连接数据库)SQL> shutdown immediate;      (立即关闭数据库)SQL> startup mount      (启动实例并加载数据库,但不打开)SQL> alter database archivelog;      (更改数据库为归档模式)SQL> alter database open;      (打开数据库)SQL> alter system archive log start;      (启用自动归档)SQL> exit      (退出)2、连接:%rman target=rman/rman@mydb      (启动恢复管理器)3、基本设置:RMAN> configure default device type to disk;     (设置默认的备份设备为磁盘)RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 2;      (设置备份的并行级别,通道数)RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk format '/backup1/backup_%U';      (设置备份的文件格式,只适用于磁盘设备)RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk format '/backup2/backup_%U';      (设置备份的文件格式,只适用于磁盘设备)RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;      (打开控制文件与服务器参数文件的自动备份)RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/backup1/ctl_%F';      (设置控制文件与服务器参数文件自动备份的文件格式)4、查看所有设置:RMAN> show all;5、查看数据库方案报表:RMAN> report schema;6、备份全库:RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete input;      (备份全库及控制文件、服务器参数文件与所有归档的重做日志,并删除旧的归档日志)7、备份表空间:RMAN> backup tablespace system plus archivelog delete input;      (备份指定表空间及归档的重做日志,并删除旧的归档日志)_8、备份归档日志:RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;9、复制数据文件:RMAN> copy datafile 1 to '/oracle/dbs/system.copy';10、查看备份和文件复本:RMAN> list backup;11、验证备份:RMAN> validate backupset 3;12、从自动备份中恢复服务器参数文件:RMAN> shutdown immediate;      (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> startup nomount;      (启动实例)RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/backup1/mydb.ora' from autobackup;      (从自动备份中恢复服务器参数文件)13、从自动备份中恢复控制文件:RMAN> shutdown immediate;      (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> startup nomount;      (启动实例)RMAN> restore controlfile to '/backup1' from autobackup;      (从自动备份中恢复控制文件)13、恢复和复原全数据库:RMAN> shutdown immediate;      (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> exit      (退出)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.bak      (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.bak      (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.bak      (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.bak      (将数据文件重命名)%rman target=rman/rman@mydb      (启动恢复管理器)RMAN> startup pfile=/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora      (指定初始化参数文件启动数据库)RMAN> restore database;      (还原数据库)RMAN> recover database;      (恢复数据库)RMAN> alter database open;      (打开数据库)14、恢复和复原表空间:RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate';      (将表空间脱机)RMAN> exit      (退出恢复管理器)%mv /oracle/dbs/users01.dbf /oracle/dbs/users01.bak      (将表空间重命名)%rman target=rman/rman@mydb      (启动恢复管理器)RMAN> restore tablespace users;      (还原表空间)RMAN> recover tablespace users;      (恢复表空间)RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users online';      (将表空间联机)15、增量备份与恢复:第一天的增量基本备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database plus archivelog delete input;第二天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第三天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第四天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=1 database plus archivelog delete input;第五天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第六天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第七天的增量差异备份:RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database plus archivelog delete input;增量恢复:RMAN> shutdown immediate;RMAN> exit%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.bak%rman target=rman/rman@mydbRMAN> startup pfile=/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.oraRMAN> restore database;RMAN> recover database;RMAN> alter database open;

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