孔壹学院:国内区块链职业教育领先品牌
作者:黎跃春,区块链、高可用架构工程师
微信:liyc1215 QQ群:348924182 博客:http://liyuechun.org
PoW(Proof-of-Work)
需要解数学难题来产生block
,PoA
是依靠预设好的Authority nodes
,负责产生block
。Authority node
数量。block
的时间,例如收到交易的5
秒后产生block
。Ethereum node
也可以连接到PoA Chain
,正常发起transactions
,contracts
等。之前的教程中我们讲解了Mist钱包、MetaMask、myetherwallet钱包,这篇教程中,我们系统介绍一下Parity钱包的使用,为下一篇文章中联盟链搭建做铺垫。
Parity钱包下载安装https://parity.io。
如官网所示,The fastest and most secure way of interacting with the Ethereum blockchainParity
是最快最安全的钱包。
打开官网,我们看到有三种安装方式,第一种,直接下载安装,第二种,Brew
安装,第三种,Docker
安装。
在我们案例中,我们通过Brew
来进行安装。
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
打开终端,输入下面的命令,按enter。
brew tap paritytech/paritytech
brew install parity --stable
brew install parity
brew install parity --master
brew update && brew upgrade parity
and
brew reinstall parity
liyuechun:~ yuechunli$ parity --version
Parity
version Parity/v1.8.2-beta-1b6588c-20171025/x86_64-macos/rustc1.21.0
Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
By Wood/Paronyan/Kotewicz/Drwięga/Volf
Habermeier/Czaban/Greeff/Gotchac/Redmann
liyuechun:~ yuechunli$
PoA chain 需要设置一个创世区块。
{
"name": "DemoPoA",
"engine": {
"authorityRound": {
"params": {
"stepDuration": "5",
"validators": {
"list": [ ] }
}
}
},
"params": {
"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
"networkID": "0x2323"
},
"genesis": {
"seal": {
"authorityRound": {
"step": "0x0",
"signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
},
"difficulty": "0x20000",
"gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
},
"accounts": {
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ecrecover",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } }
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "sha256",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } }
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ripemd160",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } }
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "identity",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } }
}
}
}
}
stepDuration
设定成5秒产生一个区块。validators
设定Authority
的地方,目前先空著,后面创建account
之后再回来填入。将上面的文件保存到桌面的一个文件中,保存为demo-spec.json
。
在我们这篇文章中,我们在同一台电脑设置两个节点,跟我们讲解以太坊私网建立 (2) - 同一台电脑/不同电脑运行多个节点时,如果在同一台电脑设置两个节点,需要将rpcport
和port
设置为不同的值,否则就会发生冲突,POA chain中也是一样,需要将一些参数设置为不同的值。
-d
:指定存储资料与账号的目录--dport
:指定Parity的network port,可用来让其他node连接--jsonrpc-port
:这是JSON RPC port,使用web3.js时会需要ui-port
:Parity提供的Web-based UI port可以用下列指令启动Parity node
。
parity --chain demo-spec.json -d parity0 --port 30300 --ui-port 8180 --jsonrpc-port 8540 --jsonrpc-apis web3,eth,net,personal,parity,parity_set,traces,rpc,parity_accounts
除了打一长串的指令外,Parity
也提供更为简洁的config
档案设定方式,使用 --config
即可引用配置文件。
node0
使用如下配置文件 node0.toml
:[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[websockets]
port = 8456
node1
使用如下配置文件 node1.toml
:[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
我们总共需要设置三个账号,两个Authority
和一个user
账号。
node0
: parity --config node0.toml
打开网页http://localhost:8180,按照步骤创建一个用户账号。
Authority account
,使用Restore
功能,为了示范一致性,我们使用 node0
当作 pass phrase
。
到目前为止我们已经完成node0
的账号设置。
0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e
0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC
node1
的账号,启动parity --config node1.toml
。步骤相同,连接到 http://localhost:8181 ,pass phrase
使用 node1
。这样就完成了node1
的账号设置。
0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180
"validators": {
"list": [
"0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180",
"0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
]
}
再将user account
加入accounts
,並给一些balance
,后续可以使用。
"0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
"balance": "10000000000000000000000"
}
完成后的demo-spec.json
如下:
{
"name": "DemoPoA",
"engine": {
"authorityRound": {
"params": {
"stepDuration": "5",
"validators": {
"list": [ "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180", "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e" ] }
}
}
},
"params": {
"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
"networkID": "0x2323"
},
"genesis": {
"seal": {
"authorityRound": {
"step": "0x0",
"signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
},
"difficulty": "0x20000",
"gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
},
"accounts": {
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ecrecover",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } }
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "sha256",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } }
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ripemd160",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } }
}
},
"0x0064B0999c0142eE99aB0ceC054BAb53fe0a3EcC": {
"balance": "10000000000000000000000"
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "identity",
"pricing": {
"linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } }
}
}
}
}
为了启动Authority node
来产生区块,我们必须设定负责产生block
的signer
,分別是 node0
和 node1 account
。
node.pwds
文件,写入node0
与node1
的password
,内容如下:node0
node1
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"
parity --config node0.toml
parity --config node1.toml
使用Postman
透过JSON RPC
来测试。
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"parity_enode",
"params":[],
"id":0
}
获取到的数据如下:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": "enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300",
"id": 0
}
"enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"
是node0
的标识。下一步中我们将将它加入到node1
中以实现两个节点之间的连接。
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"parity_addReservedPeer",
"params":["enode://cfb3af513da3a7a8138450f0dc01fa38cb2ac837744dc645038940287f4dce3f416f0e7e17fd10619a263c360d9324fd2dcd8753c4500fcc54cf84e076b39cd6@192.168.10.101:30300"],
"id":0
}
返回的数据如下,result
为true,说明连接成功:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": true,
"id": 0
}
再切换到node1
的终端,会看到下面的数据:
1/25 peers 13 KiB chain 11 KiB db 0 bytes queue 10 KiB sync RPC: 0 conn, 0 req/s, 24 µs
如上图所示,表示连接成功。
在我们这个案例中,我们一个创建了三个账号,一个用户账号,两个POA
账号,刚开始的时候我们为用户账号初始化了10000 ETH
。如下图所示,账号与账号之间可以相互转账。
在开发时通常会将node跑在server上,让其他人可以通过JSON RPC port
连接上去使用,此时只要在config
文件里面加入 [interface]
设置即可。
假设server ip
为192.168.1.5
,将 node0.toml
修改如下:
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity0"
[network]
port = 30300
[rpc]
port = 8540
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
cors = ["*"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
[ui]
port = 8180
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00Bd138aBD70e2F00903268F3Db08f2D25677C9e"
reseal_on_txs = "none"
node1.toml
修改如下:
[parity]
chain = "demo-spec.json"
base_path = "parity1"
[network]
port = 30301
[rpc]
port = 8541
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"]
interface = "192.168.1.5"
cors = ["*"]
[ui]
port = 8181
[websockets]
port = 8457
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"]
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x00F9B30838ca40c8A53c672840acbDec6fCDb180"
reseal_on_txs = "none"
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