Android实用技巧之adb命令：am 命令的使用

概述

在 adb shell 中，您可以使用 Activity Manager (am) 工具发出命令以执行各种系统操作，如启动 Activity、强行停止进程、广播 intent、修改设备屏幕属性及其他操作。在 shell 中，此语法为：

am 

您也可以直接从 adb 发出 Activity Manager 命令，无需进入远程 shell。例如：

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW

可用的 am 命令：

usage: am [subcommand] [options]
usage: am start [-D] [-N] [-W] [-P ] [--start-profiler ]
               [--sampling INTERVAL] [-R COUNT] [-S]
               [--track-allocation] [--user  | current] 
       am startservice [--user  | current] 
       am stopservice [--user  | current] 
       am force-stop [--user  | all | current] 
       am kill [--user  | all | current] 
       am kill-all
       am broadcast [--user  | all | current] 
       am instrument [-r] [-e  ] [-p ] [-w]
               [--user  | current]
               [--no-window-animation] [--abi ] 
       am profile start [--user  current] [--sampling INTERVAL]  
       am profile stop [--user  current] []
       am dumpheap [--user  current] [-n]  
       am set-debug-app [-w] [--persistent] 
       am clear-debug-app
       am set-watch-heap  
       am clear-watch-heap
       am bug-report [--progress]
       am monitor [--gdb ]
       am hang [--allow-restart]
       am restart
       am idle-maintenance
       am screen-compat [on|off] 
       am package-importance 
       am to-uri [INTENT]
       am to-intent-uri [INTENT]
       am to-app-uri [INTENT]
       am switch-user 
       am start-user 
       am unlock-user  [TOKEN_HEX]
       am stop-user [-w] [-f] 
       am stack start  
       am stack movetask   [true|false]
       am stack resize  
       am stack resize-animated  
       am stack resize-docked-stack  []
       am stack size-docked-stack-test:   [DELAY_MS]
       am stack move-top-activity-to-pinned-stack:  
       am stack positiontask   
       am stack list
       am stack info 
       am stack remove 
       am task lock 
       am task lock stop
       am task resizeable  [0 (unresizeable) | 1 (crop_windows) | 2 (resizeable) | 3 (resizeable_and_pipable)]
       am task resize  
       am task drag-task-test   [DELAY_MS] 
       am task size-task-test   [DELAY_MS] 
       am get-config
       am suppress-resize-config-changes 
       am set-inactive [--user ]  true|false
       am get-inactive [--user ] 
       am send-trim-memory [--user ] 
               [HIDDEN|RUNNING_MODERATE|BACKGROUND|RUNNING_LOW|MODERATE|RUNNING_CRITICAL|COMPLETE]
       am get-current-user
am start: start an Activity.  Options are:
    -D: enable debugging
    -N: enable native debugging
    -W: wait for launch to complete
    --start-profiler : start profiler and send results to 
    --sampling INTERVAL: use sample profiling with INTERVAL microseconds
        between samples (use with --start-profiler)
    -P : like above, but profiling stops when app goes idle
    -R: repeat the activity launch  times.  Prior to each repeat,
        the top activity will be finished.
    -S: force stop the target app before starting the activity
    --track-allocation: enable tracking of object allocations
    --user  | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
        specified then run as the current user.
    --stack : Specify into which stack should the activity be put.
am startservice: start a Service.  Options are:
    --user  | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
        specified then run as the current user.
am stopservice: stop a Service.  Options are:
    --user  | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
        specified then run as the current user.
am force-stop: force stop everything associated with .
    --user  | all | current: Specify user to force stop;
        all users if not specified.
am kill: Kill all processes associated with .  Only kills.
  processes that are safe to kill -- that is, will not impact the user
  experience.
    --user  | all | current: Specify user whose processes to kill;
        all users if not specified.
am kill-all: Kill all background processes.
am broadcast: send a broadcast Intent.  Options are:
    --user  | all | current: Specify which user to send to; if not
        specified then send to all users.
    --receiver-permission : Require receiver to hold permission.
am instrument: start an Instrumentation.  Typically this target 
  is the form / or only  if there 
  is only one instrumentation.  Options are:
    -r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT).  Use with
        [-e perf true] to generate raw output for performance measurements.
    -e  : set argument  to .  For test runners a
        common form is [-e  [,...]].
    -p : write profiling data to 
    -w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning.  Required for
        test runners.
    --user  | current: Specify user instrumentation runs in;
        current user if not specified.
    --no-window-animation: turn off window animations while running.
    --abi : Launch the instrumented process with the selected ABI.
        This assumes that the process supports the selected ABI.
am trace-ipc: Trace IPC transactions.
  start: start tracing IPC transactions.
  stop: stop tracing IPC transactions and dump the results to file.
    --dump-file : Specify the file the trace should be dumped to.
am profile: start and stop profiler on a process.  The given  argument
  may be either a process name or pid.  Options are:
    --user  | current: When supplying a process name,
        specify user of process to profile; uses current user if not specified.
am dumpheap: dump the heap of a process.  The given  argument may
  be either a process name or pid.  Options are:
    -n: dump native heap instead of managed heap
    --user  | current: When supplying a process name,
        specify user of process to dump; uses current user if not specified.
am set-debug-app: set application  to debug.  Options are:
    -w: wait for debugger when application starts
    --persistent: retain this value
am clear-debug-app: clear the previously set-debug-app.
am set-watch-heap: start monitoring pss size of , if it is at or
    above  then a heap dump is collected for the user to report
am clear-watch-heap: clear the previously set-watch-heap.
am bug-report: request bug report generation; will launch a notification
    when done to select where it should be delivered. Options are: 
   --progress: will launch a notification right away to show its progress.
am monitor: start monitoring for crashes or ANRs.
    --gdb: start gdbserv on the given port at crash/ANR
am hang: hang the system.
    --allow-restart: allow watchdog to perform normal system restart
am restart: restart the user-space system.
am idle-maintenance: perform idle maintenance now.
am screen-compat: control screen compatibility mode of .
am package-importance: print current importance of .
am to-uri: print the given Intent specification as a URI.
am to-intent-uri: print the given Intent specification as an intent: URI.
am to-app-uri: print the given Intent specification as an android-app: URI.
am switch-user: switch to put USER_ID in the foreground, starting
  execution of that user if it is currently stopped.
am start-user: start USER_ID in background if it is currently stopped,
  use switch-user if you want to start the user in foreground.
am stop-user: stop execution of USER_ID, not allowing it to run any
  code until a later explicit start or switch to it.
  -w: wait for stop-user to complete.
  -f: force stop even if there are related users that cannot be stopped.
am stack start: start a new activity on  using .
am stack movetask: move  from its current stack to the top (true) or   bottom (false) of .
am stack resize: change  size and position to .
am stack resize-docked-stack: change docked stack to 
   and supplying temporary different task bounds indicated by
   
am stack size-docked-stack-test: test command for sizing docked stack by
    increments from the side eft, op, ight, or ottom
   applying the optional [DELAY_MS] between each step.
am stack move-top-activity-to-pinned-stack: moves the top activity from
    to the pinned stack using  for the
   bounds of the pinned stack.
am stack positiontask: place  in  at 
am stack list: list all of the activity stacks and their sizes.
am stack info: display the information about activity stack .
am stack remove: remove stack .
am task lock: bring  to the front and don't allow other tasks to run.
am task lock stop: end the current task lock.
am task resizeable: change resizeable mode of .
   0 (unresizeable) | 1 (crop_windows) | 2 (resizeable) | 3 (resizeable_and_pipable)
am task resize: makes sure  is in a stack with the specified bounds.
   Forces the task to be resizeable and creates a stack if no existing stack
   has the specified bounds.
am task drag-task-test: test command for dragging/moving  by
    increments around the screen applying the optional [DELAY_MS]
   between each step.
am task size-task-test: test command for sizing  by    increments within the screen applying the optional [DELAY_MS] between
   each step.
am get-config: retrieve the configuration and any recent configurations
  of the device.
am suppress-resize-config-changes: suppresses configuration changes due to
  user resizing an activity/task.
am set-inactive: sets the inactive state of an app.
am get-inactive: returns the inactive state of an app.
am send-trim-memory: send a memory trim event to a .
am get-current-user: returns id of the current foreground user.
 specifications include these flags and arguments:
    [-a ] [-d ] [-t ]
    [-c  [-c ] ...]
    [-e|--es   ...]
    [--esn  ...]
    [--ez   ...]
    [--ei   ...]
    [--el   ...]
    [--ef   ...]
    [--eu   ...]
    [--ecn  ]
    [--eia  [, [,)
    [--ela  [, [,)
    [--efa  [, [,)
    [--esa  [, [,; to embed a comma into a string,
         escape it using "\,")
    [--f ]
    [--grant-read-uri-permission] [--grant-write-uri-permission]
    [--grant-persistable-uri-permission] [--grant-prefix-uri-permission]
    [--debug-log-resolution] [--exclude-stopped-packages]
    [--include-stopped-packages]
    [--activity-brought-to-front] [--activity-clear-top]
    [--activity-clear-when-task-reset] [--activity-exclude-from-recents]
    [--activity-launched-from-history] [--activity-multiple-task]
    [--activity-no-animation] [--activity-no-history]
    [--activity-no-user-action] [--activity-previous-is-top]
    [--activity-reorder-to-front] [--activity-reset-task-if-needed]
    [--activity-single-top] [--activity-clear-task]
    [--activity-task-on-home]
    [--receiver-registered-only] [--receiver-replace-pending]
    [--receiver-foreground]
    [--selector]
    [ |  | ]

Intent 参数规范

由于好几个 am 命令都可以带 Intent 参数，比如 am start、am broadcast 等，这里就先介绍一下 Intent 参数规范。
可以参考官方文档

• [-a ]：指定 intent 的 Action（setAction()方法），如“android.intent.action.VIEW”。此指定只能声明一次。 am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM
• [-d ]：指定 intent 的 Data（setData()方法），如“content://contacts/people/1”。此指定只能声明一次。
• [-t ]：指定 intent MIME 类型，如“image/png”。此指定只能声明一次。
• [-c [-c ] ...]：指定 intent 类别（addCategory(String category)），如“android.intent.category.APP_CONTACTS”。
• [-n ]：指定带有包名前缀的组件名称以创建显式 intent，如“com.example.heqiang.testsomething/.commontest.OtherTestActivity”。
• [--f ]：将标志添加到intent
• [-e|--es ...]：添加一个 null extra。URI intent 不支持此选项。 adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM --es TEST test，如果有多个参数：adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM --es TEST test --es TEST1 test1
• [--esn ...]：添加字符串数据作为键值对。 adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM --esn TEST
• [--ez ...]：添加布尔型数据作为键值对。 adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM --ez TEST true
• [--ei ...]：添加整数型数据作为键值对。
• [--el ...]：添加长整型数据作为键值对。
• [--ef ...]：添加浮点型数据作为键值对。
• [--eu ...]：添加 URI 数据作为键值对。
• [--ecn ]：添加组件名称，将其作为 ComponentName 对象进行转换和传递。
• [--eia [,：添加整数数组， 转换成Integer[]进行传递
• [--eial [,：添加整数数组，转换成List进行传递
• [--ela [,：添加长整型数组，转换成Long[]进行传递
• [--elal [,：添加长整型数组，转换成List进行传递
• [--efa [,：添加浮点型数组，转换成Float[]进行传递
• [--efal [,：添加浮点型数组，转换成List进行传递
• [--esa [,：添加字符串数组，转换成String[]进行传递adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.hq.TEST_AM --esa TEST a,b,c
• [--esal [,：添加字符串数组，转换成List进行传递
• [--grant-read-uri-permission] ：包含标志 FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION。
• [--grant-write-uri-permission]：包含标志 FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION。
• [--grant-persistable-uri-permission]：
• [--grant-prefix-uri-permission]：
• [--debug-log-resolution]：
• [--exclude-stopped-packages]：
• [--include-stopped-packages]：
• [--activity-brought-to-front]：
• [--activity-clear-top]：
• [--activity-clear-when-task-reset]：
• [--activity-exclude-from-recents]：
• [--activity-launched-from-history]：
• [--activity-multiple-task]：
• [--activity-no-animation]：
• [--activity-no-history]：
• [--activity-no-user-action]：
• [--activity-previous-is-top]：
• [--activity-reorder-to-front]：
• [--activity-reset-task-if-needed]：
• [--activity-single-top]：
• [--activity-clear-task]：
• [--activity-task-on-home]：
• [--receiver-registered-only]：
• [--receiver-replace-pending]：
• [--receiver-foreground]：
• [--selector]：
• [ | | ]：如果不受上述某一选项的限制，那么就认为是直接指定 URI、包名和组件名称。当参数不受限制时，如果参数包含一个“:”（冒号），则认为参数是一个 URI；如果参数包含一个“/”（正斜杠），则认为参数是一个组件名称；否则认为参数是一个包名。

am start

启动 intent 指定的 Activity：

am start [-D] [-N] [-W] [-P ] [--start-profiler ]
               [--sampling INTERVAL] [-R COUNT] [-S]
               [--track-allocation] [--user  | current] 

可以使用一下选项：

• -D：启用调试。
• -N：启用 Natvie 调试。

• -W：等待启动完成。

Status: ok
Activity: com.example.heqiang.testsomething/.commontest.OtherTestActivity
ThisTime: 131
TotalTime: 131
WaitTime: 157
Complete

• –start-profiler ：启动分析器并将结果发送到 file。

• –sampling INTERVAL：制定采样率
• -P ：类似于 –start-profiler，但当应用进入空闲状态时分析停止。
• -R ：重复 Activity 启动 count 次数。在每次重复前，将完成顶部 Activity。
• -S：启动 Activity 前强行停止目标应用。
• –track-allocation：打开Allocation Tracker用来跟踪内存分配
• –user | current：指定要作为哪个用户运行；如果未指定，则作为当前用户运行。
• –stack ：指定将Activity放入的栈

am startservice

启动 intent 指定的 Service：

am stopservice [--user  | current] 

• –user | current：指定要作为哪个用户运行；如果未指定，则作为当前用户运行。

am force-stop

am force-stop [--user  | all | current] 

强行停止与 package（应用的包名称）关联的所有应用。

am kill

终止与 package（应用的包名称）关联的所有进程。此命令仅终止可安全终止且不会影响用户体验的进程。

am kill [--user  | all | current] 

am kill-all

终止所有后台进程。

am broadcast

发出广播 intent。

am broadcast [--user  | all | current] 

am stack

• am stack start ：
• am stack movetask [true|false]：
• am stack resize ：
• am stack resize-animated ：
• am stack resize-docked-stack []：
• am stack size-docked-stack-test: [DELAY_MS]：
• am stack move-top-activity-to-pinned-stack: ：
• am stack positiontask ：
• am stack list：
• am stack info ：
• am stack remove ：
• am task lock ：
• am task lock stop：
• am task resizeable [0 (unresizeable) | 1 (crop_windows) | 2 (resizeable) | 3 (resizeable_and_pipable)]：
• am task resize ：
• am task drag-task-test [DELAY_MS]：
• am task size-task-test [DELAY_MS]：

am get-config

am send-trim-memory

发送回收内存的命令，会调用 Application 和 Activity 的 onTrimMemory(int level) 方法。

am send-trim-memory [--user ] 
[HIDDEN|RUNNING_MODERATE|BACKGROUND|RUNNING_LOW|MODERATE|RUNNING_CRITICAL|COMPLETE]

adb shell am send-trim-memory com.example.heqiang.testsomething RUNNING_CRITICAL