英语语法——特殊结构
文章目录
- 强调
- 1. 强调句型：
- 2. 长难句分析：
- 倒装
- 1. 什么是倒装？
- 2. 倒装的具体使用
- 倒装的考点分析
- 虚拟语气
- 什么是虚拟语气
- 虚拟语气的一般用法
- 2. 特殊用法
- 考点分析
- 情态动词
- 插入语
强调
1. 强调句型：
It is … that…
It was … that…
只有两种时态，
我昨天在街上遇到了我的旧情人：
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.(正常句子）
It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday.（强调我）
It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street.（强调昨天）
It was my old flame that I met in the street yesterday.（强调宾语）
强调谁就把谁拿到前面。
强调句型可以强调句子中所有成分，唯一不能强调谓语。
练习：
有很多的原因可以解释这种现象。
There remain abundant elements to account for the issue.
It is there that remain…
It is aboundant that
It is to account for the issue that…
你至今仍没有意识到就是因为你交友不慎，你猜没有考上心目中理想的大学。
So far, you have never realized that because you had unfavorable friends, you failed to go to your dreamful university.
So far, you have never realized that it was because you had unfavorable friends that you failed to go to your dreamful university.
2. 长难句分析：
It is that… 翻译成：就是
But it is the arrival of new satellite channels----funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptions----that will bring about the biggest changes in the long team.
就是部分是由广告资助的部分是由观众的订阅费用资助的新的卫星频道的到来，将会带来长期内重大的变化。
Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drough that makes the idea of force the waters to do our bidding so facinating.
do one’s bidding 服从某人
或许就是人类洪水和灾害长期支配下长期的痛苦使水服从人的这种想法变得如此令人着迷。
区分强调句型和主语从句：
It is obviously that I love you. 是强调句型还是主语从句？答：去掉 it is that
Obviously I love you. 句子完整不缺成分，故强调句型。
It is obvious that I love you. 是强调句型还是主语从句？答：去掉 it is that
Obvious I love you. Obvious是形容词不能修饰句子，故主语从句。
倒装
1. 什么是倒装？
Do you love me?
Have you been to Europe?
Is your father a teacher?
倒装就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，也就是给一句话加个助动词或把be放到句首。
2. 倒装的具体使用
1）否定词放在句首用倒装。
I can hardly speak Japanese. 同等变形=》
Hardly can I speak Japanese.
I by no means love you.
By no means do I love you.
Playing phones not only influences the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.
Not noly does playing phones influence the physcial and mental health of youngsters but also waste their precious time.
Under no circumstances 在任何情况下决不…
Under no circumstances can we keep a blind eye to to the issue of environmental protection.
2）so肯定, nor/neither在句首否定，表示程前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装。
I can cook. So can I.
I can not cook. Nor can I.
3）so…that… 句型把so引导的部分放到句首用倒装。
I feel so rejoiced that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
So rejoiced do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
He is having class to forcefully that everyone present was convienced.
[倒装为]So forcefully is he having class that everyone present was convinced.
She looks so gorgeous that she can catche the eyes of everyone.
[倒装为]So gorgeous does she looks that she can catche the eyes of everyone.
- only+状语在句首用倒装。
His girlfriend called his name only once.
- Only once did his girlfriend call his name.
My dearest mother always lives only in my deep heart.
- Only in my deep heart does my dearest mother always lives only in my deep heart.
You will call your mother only when you need living expenses.
- Only when you need living expenses will you call your mother.
当爱情来临时我会牵住她的手。
Only when romance comes, will I hold her hands.
只有通过采取这些行动，才能解决这些问题。
Only through adopting these actions, can the issue be handled.
5）as引导让步从句，从句的表语可以放到句首构成部分倒装（前面已经讲过了）
6）省略 if 的虚拟语气用倒装
倒装的考点分析
- 写作
文化交流不但能促进我们国家经济的发展，而且还能开阔个人的眼界。
Not only can cultural exchange promote economic advance of our country but also make our eyesight broad.
我累的浑身都没有劲了。
I am so exhausted that I have no energy throughout.
So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout.
当外面下雨的时候，只有在自己家里，我才感到安全和放松。
In rainning day only at home do I fell safe and relaxed.
- 长难句分析
还原倒装部分后再做翻译。
Television is on of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed----and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.
电视是我们创造和表达情感的一种手段，或许电视以前从没有如此多的功能，去联系不同的民族和国家就像在最近欧洲的事件中那样。
我们是逐渐的把这个机构中的行为的指导因素
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
they的上下文意思是tests， had he grown up是省略了 if 的虚拟语气
考试并不能弥补社会不公平，因此它也不能分辨，如果一个没有地位的年轻人他在更加好的环境下长大可能会有多能干。
虚拟语气
什么是虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与事实相反，或者是语气委婉。
虚拟语气的一般用法
- if 引导的条件状语从句
如果你是我眼中的一滴泪，我将永远不会哭泣。
If you are a tear in my eyes, I will never shed it.
If I was a dog last night, I could sleep with you in bed.
如何把一个正常的条件状语从句写成虚拟语气？
只需要把已经写好的句子的时态变成它的过去式就OK了！！！
并且在虚拟语气中be 的过去式只有were没有was，could = would = might
If you were a tear in my eyes, I would never shed it.
If I had been a dog last night, I could have slept with you in bed.(情态动词没有时态）
练习：
If I remembered you in my next life, we would never separate with each other.
If you obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could pass this examination.
[虚拟] If you had obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed this examination.
省略 if 的虚拟语气用倒装：
If you had obeyed … = Had you obeyed …
If you remembered me… = Did you remembered me…
如果每一个人都养宠物，我们的环境将会受到破坏。
If every citizen raised a pat in his family, the environment would be destroyed.
2. 特殊用法
- 一下情况从句用“should + v”表示虚拟，并且should可以省略。
以防 incase, lest, for fear that
命 order, direct, command
贱 advise, suggest, propose
要求 ask, request, demand, require
用虚拟 It is necessary/important that
是必要的
以防生病你最好待在家里。
Incase that you should develop fatal infections, you had better stay at home.
It seems crucial that more activities should be attended to show myself.
- 一下情况从句用一般过去时表示虚拟
常见有两个：would rather , It is high time that…
It is high time that the independance of kids should be were cultivated by senior citizens.
- 一下情况要区别对待
就是把它本来的时态写成他的过去式就OK了
- 常见的有: wish（与事实想反）, if only（如果… 该多好）, but for（要不是…）, or/otherwise（否则）, as if/as though（好像、似乎）等。
If only I were your child.
If only I had been your child last year.
- 虚拟语气倒装
考点分析
- 写作
对于普通市民来说，保护小区环境不乱丢垃圾是非常必要的。
It is necessary that the community environment should be protected and rubbish be never dumped for the common.
- 长难句分析
直接翻译
If that happened, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominace proved painful.
ineviable 必不可少的
情态动词
- 表明说话人主观态度的词汇。
- 不能充当谓语，情态的词后加动词原形。
- 情态动词就相当于助动词。
-
情态动词表示对现在和将来的推测。
– 情态动词+v， -
情态动词表示对过去的推测。
He must have been self-biased in his university.
must have done 一定做过某事
must 的否定 can’t
You need not have shown your love in this way.
needn’t have done 本没必要做某事但是做了
I could have become a prominent poet.
could have done 本能够做某事但却没有做，表示遗憾
We should have got married if there exists a chance.
should have done 本应该做某事但却没有做
插入语
放在句子主谓之间通常是定语状语或同位语，用破折号或逗号隔开。
翻译，直接翻译用小括号隔开。（…）
- 复习notebook，背诵
- 练习
- 文章精读。
完结
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