linux挂载新硬盘命令:fdisk(2T硬盘以下) / parted(2T硬盘以上)
Linux的硬盘识别:
一般使用”fdisk-l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘
2.启动服务器,以root用户登录
3.查看硬盘信息
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004406e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2589 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14b52796 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
4.创建新硬盘分区命令参数:
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令; |
a:命令指定启动分区; |
d:命令删除一个存在的分区; |
l:命令显示分区ID号的列表; |
m:查看fdisk命令帮助; |
n:命令创建一个新分区; |
p:命令显示分区列表; |
t:命令修改分区的类型ID号; |
w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。 |
5.进入磁盘,对磁盘进行分区,注意红色部分。
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help):n |
Command action |
e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区 |
p primary partition (1-4) //输入p为创建逻辑分区 |
p |
Partion number(1-4):1 //在这里输入l,就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了; |
|
查看一下:
#fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区,我就省略截图咯。
6.格式化分区:
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //注:将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks 128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304 79 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8112 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
这样就格式化好了,我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区,然后使用这个文件系统;
7.创建/data1目录:
#mkdir /data1
8.开始挂载分区:
#mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
9.查看硬盘大小以及挂载分区:
#df -h
10.配置开机自动挂载
因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效,所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载:
#vim /etc/fstab
加入: |
/dev/sdb1(磁盘分区) /data1(挂载目录) ext3(文件格式)defaults 0 0 |
/dev/sdc1 /app ext3 defaults 0 0 |
11.重启系统
#################################
当超过2T的硬盘不可以用fdisk来进行分区,必须得用parted.
[root@csc-document dev]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical? primary #创建主分区
File system type? [ext2]?ext3
Start? 1050G
End?2247G
(parted)q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, ifnecessary.
(parted) print
Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2247GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1049GB 1049GB ext3
2 1050GB 2247GB 1197GB ext3 ora
接着对其进行格式化:
[root@csc-document dev]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
创建目录:
[root@csc-document /]# mkdir ora
挂载到ora目录下:
[root@csc-document /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /ora
[root@csc-document /]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/opt1 /opt ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 /ora ext3 defaults 0 0
<<<<<<关于创建扩展分区并滑划分逻辑卷部分
(parted)print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
(parted)mkpart
Partition type? primary/extended?extended
Start?20G
End?30G
(parted)print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
(parted)mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical?logical
File system type? [ext2]?ext3
Start?20G
End?25G
(parted)print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
5 20.0GB 25.0GB 4993MB logical ext3
OK!至此完成!