PCM、WAV格式介绍及用C语言实现PCM转WAV

1、PCM格式介绍:

PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)也被称为 脉码编码调制。PCM中的声音数据没有被压缩,如果是单声道的文件,采样数据按时间的先后顺序依次存入。(它的基本组织单位是BYTE(8bit)或WORD(16bit))
参考文献http://blog.csdn.net/ownwell/article/details/8114121/

2、WAV格式

(1)格式介绍:

WAVE文件格式是Microsoft的RIFF规范的一个子集,用于存储多媒体文件。WAVE文件通常只是一个具有单个“WAVE”块的RIFF文件,该块由两个子块("fmt"子数据块和"data"子数据块)组成。
如下图所示:
PCM、WAV格式介绍及用C语言实现PCM转WAV_第1张图片

(2)每个字段的的含义介绍:

   typedef struct{
	   char          ChunkID[4];//内容为"RIFF"
	   unsigned long ChunkSize;//存储文件的字节数(不包含ChunkID和ChunkSize这8个字节)
	   char          Format[4];//内容为"WAVE"
   }WAVE_HEADER;
   
   typedef struct{
		char          Subchunk1ID[4];//内容为"fmt"
		unsigned long  Subchunk1Size;//存储该子块的字节数(不含前面的Subchunk1ID和Subchunk1Size这8个字节)
		unsigned short AudioFormat;//存储音频文件的编码格式,例如若为PCM则其存储值为1,若为其他非PCM格式的则有一定的压缩。
		unsigned short NumChannels;//通道数,单通道(Mono)值为1,双通道(Stereo)值为2,等等
		unsigned long  SampleRate;//采样率,如8k,44.1k等
		unsigned long  ByteRate;//每秒存储的bit数,其值=SampleRate * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
		unsigned short BlockAlign;//块对齐大小,其值=NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
		unsigned short BitsPerSample;//每个采样点的bit数,一般为8,16,32等。
   }WAVE_FMT;
   typedef struct{
		char          Subchunk2ID[4];//内容为“data”
		unsigned long Subchunk2Size;//内容为接下来的正式的数据部分的字节数,其值=NumSamples * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
   }WAVE_DATA;

(3)一个WAVE例子

这里是一个WAVE文件的开头72字节,字节显示为十六进制数字:
52 49 46 46 24 08 00 00 57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20 10 00 00 00 01 00 02 00
22 56 00 00 88 58 01 00 04 00 10 00 64 61 74 61 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00
24 17 1e f3 3c 13 3c 14 16 f9 18 f9 34 e7 23 a6 3c f2 24 f2 11 ce 1a 0d
字段解析:
PCM、WAV格式介绍及用C语言实现PCM转WAV_第2张图片
参考文献1http://soundfile.sapp.org/doc/WaveFormat/
参考文献2http://www.lightlink.com/tjweber/StripWav/Canon.html
参考文献3http://www.topherlee.com/software/pcm-tut-wavformat.html

3、用C语言实现PCM转WAVE

#include 
#include 

/**
 * Convert PCM16LE raw data to WAVE format
 * @param pcmpath       Input PCM file.
 * @param channels      Channel number of PCM file.
 * @param sample_rate   Sample rate of PCM file.
 * @param wavepath      Output WAVE file.
 */
int simplest_pcm16le_to_wave(const char *pcmpath, int channels, int sample_rate, const char *wavepath)
{
    typedef struct WAVE_HEADER{
        char    fccID[4];       //内容为""RIFF
        unsigned long dwSize;   //最后填写,WAVE格式音频的大小
        char    fccType[4];     //内容为"WAVE"
    }WAVE_HEADER;

    typedef struct WAVE_FMT{
        char    fccID[4];          //内容为"fmt "
        unsigned long  dwSize;     //内容为WAVE_FMT占的字节数,为16
        unsigned short wFormatTag; //如果为PCM,改值为 1
        unsigned short wChannels;  //通道数,单通道=1,双通道=2
        unsigned long  dwSamplesPerSec;//采用频率
        unsigned long  dwAvgBytesPerSec;/* ==dwSamplesPerSec*wChannels*uiBitsPerSample/8 */
        unsigned short wBlockAlign;//==wChannels*uiBitsPerSample/8
        unsigned short uiBitsPerSample;//每个采样点的bit数,8bits=8, 16bits=16
    }WAVE_FMT;

    typedef struct WAVE_DATA{
        char    fccID[4];       //内容为"data"
        unsigned long dwSize;   //==NumSamples*wChannels*uiBitsPerSample/8
    }WAVE_DATA;

    if(channels==2 || sample_rate==0)
    {
        channels = 2;
        sample_rate = 44100;
    }
    int bits = 16;

    WAVE_HEADER pcmHEADER;
    WAVE_FMT    pcmFMT;
    WAVE_DATA   pcmDATA;

    unsigned short m_pcmData;
    FILE *fp, *fpout;

    fp = fopen(pcmpath, "rb+");
    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        printf("Open pcm file error.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    fpout = fopen(wavepath, "wb+");
    if(fpout==NULL)
    {
        printf("Create wav file error.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* WAVE_HEADER */
    memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccID, "RIFF", strlen("RIFF"));
    memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccType, "WAVE", strlen("WAVE"));
    fseek(fpout, sizeof(WAVE_HEADER), 1);   //1=SEEK_CUR
    /* WAVE_FMT */
    memcpy(pcmFMT.fccID, "fmt ", strlen("fmt "));
    pcmFMT.dwSize = 16;
    pcmFMT.wFormatTag = 1;
    pcmFMT.wChannels = 2;
    pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec = sample_rate;
    pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample = bits;
    /* ==dwSamplesPerSec*wChannels*uiBitsPerSample/8 */
    pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec = pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec*pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;
    /* ==wChannels*uiBitsPerSample/8 */
    pcmFMT.wBlockAlign = pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;


    fwrite(&pcmFMT, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), 1, fpout);

    /* WAVE_DATA */
    memcpy(pcmDATA.fccID, "data", strlen("data"));
    pcmDATA.dwSize = 0;
    fseek(fpout, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), SEEK_CUR);

    fread(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp);
    while(!feof(fp))
    {
        pcmDATA.dwSize += 2;
        fwrite(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fpout);
        fread(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp);
    }

    /*pcmHEADER.dwSize = 44 + pcmDATA.dwSize;*/
    //修改时间:2018年1月5日
    pcmHEADER.dwSize = 36 + pcmDATA.dwSize;

    rewind(fpout);
    fwrite(&pcmHEADER, sizeof(WAVE_HEADER), 1, fpout);
    fseek(fpout, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), SEEK_CUR);
    fwrite(&pcmDATA, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), 1, fpout);

    fclose(fp);
    fclose(fpout);

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    simplest_pcm16le_to_wave("NocturneNo2inEflat_44.1k_s16le.pcm", 2, 44100, "output_nocture.wav");

    return 0;
}

结果如图所示:
PCM、WAV格式介绍及用C语言实现PCM转WAV_第3张图片

参考文献http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/50534316
2017年10月26日 星期四 修改

原74行代码:
**pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec = pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec*pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;**
改为
pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec = pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec*pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;
原76行:
**pcmFMT.wBlockAlign = pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;**
改为:
pcmFMT.wBlockAlign = pcmFMT.wChannels*pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample/8;

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