Nginx+Memcached+Tomcat集群配置实践(Sticky Session)

准备工作

创建一个简单的web应用,名为session。其中有两个页面,分别如下所示:
  • 页面login.jsp
[html]  view plain copy
  1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
  2.      pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
  3. >  
  4. <html>  
  5. <head>  
  6. <title>登录页面title>  
  7. <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
  8. <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
  9. <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">  
  10. <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">  
  11. <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  
  12. head>  
  13. <body>  
  14.      <table bgcolor="#F8C3C3" border="1" borderColor="#FF0000"  
  15.           align="center" width="260" height="160">  
  16.           <tr>  
  17.                <td height="15" colspan="2" align="center"  
  18.                     style="background-color: #000000; font-size: 28px; color: #FFFF00"><b>用户登录b>td>  
  19.           tr>  
  20.           <form method="post" action="login">  
  21.                <tr>  
  22.                     <td width="80" align="center"><b>用户名b>td>  
  23.                     <td><input type="text" name="userName" value="" />td>  
  24.                tr>  
  25.                <tr>  
  26.                     <td align="center"><b>密 码b>td>  
  27.                     <td><input type="password" name="password" value="" />td>  
  28.                tr>  
  29.                <tr>  
  30.                     <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color: #000000;">  
  31.                          <input type="submit" value="登 录" />  <input type="reset"  
  32.                          value="重 置" />  
  33.                     td>  
  34.                tr>  
  35.           form>  
  36.      table>  
  37. body>  
  38. html>  
  • 登录成功页面success.jsp
[html]  view plain copy
  1. <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
  2. >  
  3. <html>  
  4. <head>  
  5. <title>登录成功页面title>  
  6. <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
  7. <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
  8. <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">  
  9. <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">  
  10. <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  
  11. head>  
  12. <%  
  13.      String userName = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("userName");  
  14. %>  
  15. <body bgcolor="#000000">  
  16.      <table width="500" height="200" align="center" border="1"  
  17.           style="background-color: #000000;">  
  18.           <tr>  
  19.                <td align="center"  
  20.                     style="background-color: #F8C3C3; color: #00FF00; font-weight: bold; font-size: 30px">  
  21.                     当前登录用户:<%=userName %>  
  22.                td>  
  23.           tr>  
  24.      table>  
  25. body>  
  26. html>  
还有一个Servlet,负责请求的转发,并设置session数据,如下所示:
[java]  view plain copy
  1. package org.shirdrn.cluster.tomcat.servlet;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.IOException;  
  4. import java.util.HashMap;  
  5. import java.util.Map;  
  6.   
  7. import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
  8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
  9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
  10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  
  11.   
  12. import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;  
  13. import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;  
  14.   
  15. public class LoginSevlet extends HttpServlet {  
  16.      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
  17.      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSevlet.class);  
  18.     private static Map accountDB = new HashMap();  
  19.     static {  
  20.          accountDB.put("shirdrn""123456");  
  21.          accountDB.put("admin""999999");  
  22.          accountDB.put("dev""000888");  
  23.          accountDB.put("007""007007");  
  24.     }  
  25.      
  26.     public LoginSevlet() {  
  27.         super();  
  28.     }  
  29.   
  30.      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
  31.           this.doPost(request, response);  
  32.      }  
  33.   
  34.      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
  35.           String userName = request.getParameter("userName");  
  36.           String password = request.getParameter("password");  
  37.           LOG.info("Raw input:userName=" + userName + ",password=" + password);  
  38.            
  39.           if(userName!=null && password!=null  
  40.                     && accountDB.containsKey(userName)  
  41.                     && accountDB.get(userName).equals(password)) {  
  42.                LOG.info("Login;status=SUCCESS");  
  43.                request.getSession().setAttribute("userName", userName);  
  44.                request.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(request, response);                
  45.           } else {  
  46.                LOG.info("Login;status=FAIL");  
  47.                request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response);  
  48.           }  
  49.      }  
  50.   
  51. }  
这里模拟了一个账号数据库,对用户的登录请求进行处理。
最后打成WAR包,部署到Tomcat集群中的每个结点上。
Memcached安装、配置、启动

在Ubuntu系统下,如果没有安装Memcached,可以执行如下命令进行安装:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. sudo apt-get install memcached  
然后,启动Memcached服务进程,这里,我启动了两个服务进程,分别监听端口11211、11311,启动命令如下所示:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. sudo /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11211 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n1-memcached.pid  
  2. sudo /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11311 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n2-memcached.pid  
查询Memcached服务状态:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ ps -ef | grep memcached  
  2. memcache  1578     1  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11211 -u memcache -l 127.0.0.1  
  3. memcache  3300     1  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11211 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n1-memcached.pid  
  4. memcache  3308     1  0 00:00 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11311 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n2-memcached.pid  
  5. shirdrn   3318  3095  0 00:00 pts/5    00:00:00 grep --color=auto memcached  

Tomcat集群配置

Tomcat集群配置,集群中各个结点通过共享存储在缓存Memcached中session来实现session的共享:如果有一台机器上的Tomcat服务停掉了,对于其他对等服务器上的session数据仍然可以从Memcached缓存中读取,从而不会发生session丢失的问题。
对于满足这种配置的实现方案,可以在 https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager和 https://spymemcached.googlecode.com上下载相关的jar文件。因为基于不同的序列化方案,可以有多种配置方法,下面是选择Javolution序列化框架,需要提供如下库文件:
  • https://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/memcached-session-manager-1.6.3.jar
  • https://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.6.3.jar
  • https://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/msm-javolution-serializer-1.6.2.jar
  • http://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/svn/maven/javolution/javolution/5.4.3.1/javolution-5.4.3.1.jar
  • https://spymemcached.googlecode.com/files/spymemcached-2.8.4.jar
下载上述jar文件,拷贝到$CATALINA_HOME/lib目录下,然后需要配置$CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml文件。
Tomcat集群中,每个结点的$CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml基本配置都是相同的,不同配置内容分别如下:
  • 如果在同一台机器上,要保证各个服务端口不相冲突
  • 元素中failoverNodes属性值不同
例如,我们在同一台机器上配置了两个Tomcat服务器实例,所在目录分别为tomcat-1和tomcat-2,对应的conf/server.xml配置内容如下:
  • tomcat-1/conf/server.xml
[html]  view plain copy
  1. xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>  
  2.   
  3. <Server port="8085" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  
  4.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  
  5.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  
  6.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />  
  7.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />  
  8.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />  
  9.   
  10.      <GlobalNamingResources>  
  11.           <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"  
  12.                description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"  
  13.                pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />  
  14.      GlobalNamingResources>  
  15.   
  16.      <Service name="Catalina">  
  17.           <Connector port="8088" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"  
  18.                redirectPort="8443" />  
  19.           <Connector port="8089" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />  
  20.           <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">  
  21.   
  22.                <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">  
  23.                     <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"  
  24.                          resourceName="UserDatabase" />  
  25.                Realm>  
  26.   
  27.                <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" deployOnStartup="true">  
  28.                     <Context docBase="/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/webapps/session.war" path="/session" reloadable="true">  
  29.                          <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"  
  30.                                             memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311"  
  31.                                             failoverNodes="n1"  
  32.                                             requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"  
  33.                                             sessionBackupAsync="false"  
  34.                                             sessionBackupTimeout="100"  
  35.                              transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory"  
  36.                              copyCollectionsForSerialization="false" />  
  37.                     Context>  
  38.                     <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"  
  39.                          directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"  
  40.                          pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />  
  41.                Host>  
  42.   
  43.           Engine>  
  44.      Service>  
  45. Server>  
这里面,failover的Memcached结点是n1,也就是说,如果tomcat-1和n1在同一台机器上的话,session数据会优先复制到存储到Memcached结点n2,这样即使n1所在的结点宕机了,n2所在结点仍然存储了之前的session数据。
  • tomcat-2/conf/server.xml
[html]  view plain copy
  1. xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>  
  2.   
  3. <Server port="9085" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  
  4.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  
  5.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  
  6.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />  
  7.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />  
  8.      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />  
  9.   
  10.      <GlobalNamingResources>  
  11.           <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"  
  12.                description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"  
  13.                pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />  
  14.      GlobalNamingResources>  
  15.   
  16.      <Service name="Catalina">  
  17.           <Connector port="9088" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"  
  18.                redirectPort="9443" />  
  19.           <Connector port="9089" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="9443" />  
  20.           <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">  
  21.   
  22.                <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">  
  23.                     <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"  
  24.                          resourceName="UserDatabase" />  
  25.                Realm>  
  26.   
  27.                <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" deployOnStartup="true">  
  28.                     <Context docBase="/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/webapps/session.war" path="/session" reloadable="true">  
  29.                          <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"  
  30.                                             memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311"  
  31.                                             failoverNodes="n2"  
  32.                                             requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"  
  33.                                             sessionBackupAsync="false"  
  34.                                             sessionBackupTimeout="100"  
  35.                              transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory"  
  36.                              copyCollectionsForSerialization="false" />  
  37.                     Context>  
  38.                     <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"  
  39.                          directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"  
  40.                          pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />  
  41.                Host>  
  42.   
  43.           Engine>  
  44.      Service>  
  45. Server>  
和上面类似,failover的Memcached结点是n2,也就是说,如果tomcat-2和n2在同一台机器上的话,Session数据会优先复制到存储到Memcached结点n1,这样即使n2所在的结点宕机了,n1所在结点仍然存储了之前的Session数据。

上面的配置实现了Tomcat集群中,通过Memcached实现了Sticky Session(粘性Session),主要是通过配置failover结点来达到目的的。如果采用Non-sticky Session方式,就不需要考虑failover的问题,详细配置扩参考文档( https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager/wiki/SetupAndConfiguration),下面截取一个片段:

The following example shows a configuration for non-sticky sessions. In this case there's no need for failoverNodes, as sessions are served by all tomcats round-robin and they're not bound to a single tomcat. For non-sticky sessions the configuration (for both/all tomcats) would look like this:


  ...
   className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
    memcachedNodes="n1:host1.yourdomain.com:11211,n2:host2.yourdomain.com:11211"
    sticky="false"
    sessionBackupAsync="false"
    lockingMode="uriPattern:/path1|/path2"
    requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"
    transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory"
    />
分别启动tomcat-1和tomcat-2,如下所示:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tomcat-1/bin/catalina.sh start  
  2. Using CATALINA_BASE:   /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1  
  3. Using CATALINA_HOME:   /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1  
  4. Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/temp  
  5. Using JRE_HOME:        /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30  
  6. Using CLASSPATH:       /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
  7.   
  8. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tomcat-2/bin/catalina.sh start  
  9. Using CATALINA_BASE:   /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2  
  10. Using CATALINA_HOME:   /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2  
  11. Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/temp  
  12. Using JRE_HOME:        /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30  
  13. Using CLASSPATH:       /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
可以查看两个tomcat的启动日志,对比一下:
  • tomcat-1的日志
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tail -100f tomcat-1/logs/catalina.out  
  2. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:25 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init  
  3. INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386/client:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/../lib/i386:/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/lib:/usr/lib  
  4. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init  
  5. INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8088"]  
  6. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init  
  7. INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8089"]  
  8. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load  
  9. INFO: Initialization processed in 1743 ms  
  10. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal  
  11. INFO: Starting service Catalina  
  12. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal  
  13. INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.26  
  14. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal  
  15. INFO: MemcachedSessionService starts initialization... (configured nodes definition n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311, failover nodes n1)  
  16. 2013-01-26 00:03:27.441 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11211, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue  
  17. 2013-01-26 00:03:27.442 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11311, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue  
  18. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.RequestTrackingHostValve   
  19. INFO: Setting ignorePattern to .*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$  
  20. 2013-01-26 00:03:27.459 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@5b0668  
  21. 2013-01-26 00:03:27.460 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@1d5a0  
  22. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService setLockingMode  
  23. INFO: Setting lockingMode to null  
  24. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService createTranscoderFactory  
  25. INFO: Creating transcoder factory de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory  
  26. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal  
  27. INFO: MemcachedSessionService finished initialization, sticky true, operation timeout 1000, with node ids [n2] and failover node ids [n1]  
  28. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  29. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/host-manager  
  30. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  31. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/manager  
  32. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  33. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/docs  
  34. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  35. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/examples  
  36. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  37. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/ROOT  
  38. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start  
  39. INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8088"]  
  40. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start  
  41. INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8089"]  
  42. Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start  
  43. INFO: Server startup in 1487 ms  
  • tomcat-2的日志
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tail -100f tomcat-2/logs/catalina.out  
  2. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init  
  3. INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386/client:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/../lib/i386:/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/lib:/usr/lib  
  4. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init  
  5. INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9088"]  
  6. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init  
  7. INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-9089"]  
  8. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load  
  9. INFO: Initialization processed in 742 ms  
  10. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal  
  11. INFO: Starting service Catalina  
  12. Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal  
  13. INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.26  
  14. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGenerator createSecureRandom  
  15. INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [33,094] milliseconds.  
  16. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal  
  17. INFO: MemcachedSessionService starts initialization... (configured nodes definition n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311, failover nodes n2)  
  18. 2013-01-26 00:05:07.873 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11211, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue  
  19. 2013-01-26 00:05:07.876 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11311, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue  
  20. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.RequestTrackingHostValve   
  21. INFO: Setting ignorePattern to .*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$  
  22. 2013-01-26 00:05:07.896 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@701a27  
  23. 2013-01-26 00:05:07.897 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection:  Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@1d5a0  
  24. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService setLockingMode  
  25. INFO: Setting lockingMode to null  
  26. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService createTranscoderFactory  
  27. INFO: Creating transcoder factory de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory  
  28. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal  
  29. INFO: MemcachedSessionService finished initialization, sticky true, operation timeout 1000, with node ids [n1] and failover node ids [n2]  
  30. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  31. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/host-manager  
  32. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  33. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/manager  
  34. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  35. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/docs  
  36. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  37. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/examples  
  38. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory  
  39. INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/ROOT  
  40. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start  
  41. INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9088"]  
  42. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start  
  43. INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-9089"]  
  44. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start  
  45. INFO: Server startup in 34163 ms  
已经成功启动了。

Nginx安装、配置、启动

在Ubuntu系统下,如果没有安装Nginx,可以执行如下命令进行安装:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. sudo apt-get install nginx  
默认情况下,Nginx使用默认的配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,该配置文件直接包含了虚拟目录配置文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,修改该文件的内容为,如下所示:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. # You may add here your  
  2. # server {  
  3. #     ...  
  4. # }  
  5. # statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file  
  6.   
  7. ##  
  8. # You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding  
  9. # of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.  
  10. # http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls  
  11. # http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart  
  12. # http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration  
  13. #  
  14. # Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean  
  15. # file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.  
  16. #  
  17. # Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.  
  18. ##  
  19.   
  20.   
  21.   
  22. upstream dev.shirdrn.org {  
  23.      server 192.168.1.104:8088 weight=1;  
  24.      server 192.168.1.104:9088 weight=1;  
  25. }  
  26.   
  27.   
  28. server {  
  29.      #listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied  
  30.      #listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6  
  31.   
  32.      root /usr/share/nginx/www/session;  # session是我们配置的虚拟目录,实际直接指向Tomcat下名为session的web应用  
  33.      index index.html index.htm;  
  34.   
  35.      # Make site accessible from http://localhost/  
  36. #######     server_name localhost;  
  37.      server_name dev.shirdrn.org; # Nginx服务所在主机  
  38.      charset utf-8;  
  39.   
  40.      location / {  
  41.           proxy_pass     http://dev.shirdrn.org; #直接代理tomcat集群  
  42.           proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;  
  43.           client_max_body_size  100m;  
  44.   
  45.   
  46.   
  47.           # First attempt to serve request as file, then  
  48.           # as directory, then fall back to index.html  
  49. #######          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;  
  50.           # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location  
  51.           # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules  
  52.      }  
  53.   
  54.      location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ { # 禁止访问Tomcat下web应用的WEB-INF目录下的资源  
  55.           deny all;  
  56.      }  
  57.   
  58.      location /doc/ {  
  59.           alias /usr/share/doc/;  
  60.           autoindex on;  
  61.           allow 127.0.0.1;  
  62.           deny all;  
  63.      }  
  64.   
  65.      # Only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests  
  66.      #location /RequestDenied {  
  67.           # For example, return an error code  
  68.           #return 418;  
  69.      #}  
  70.   
  71.      #error_page 404 /404.html;  
  72.   
  73.      # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
  74.      #  
  75.      #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  
  76.      #location = /50x.html {  
  77.      #     root /usr/share/nginx/www;  
  78.      #}  
  79.   
  80.      # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
  81.      #  
  82.      #location ~ \.php$ {  
  83.      #     fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;  
  84.      #     # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini  
  85.      #  
  86.      #     # With php5-cgi alone:  
  87.      #     fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;  
  88.      #     # With php5-fpm:  
  89.      #     fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;  
  90.      #     fastcgi_index index.php;  
  91.      #     include fastcgi_params;  
  92.      #}  
  93.   
  94.      # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
  95.      # concurs with nginx's one  
  96.      #  
  97.      #location ~ /\.ht {  
  98.      #     deny all;  
  99.      #}  
  100. }  
  101.   
  102.   
  103. # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration  
  104. #  
  105. #server {  
  106. #     listen 8000;  
  107. #     listen somename:8080;  
  108. #     server_name somename alias another.alias;  
  109. #     root html;  
  110. #     index index.html index.htm;  
  111. #  
  112. #     location / {  
  113. #          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;  
  114. #     }  
  115. #}  
  116.   
  117.   
  118. # HTTPS server  
  119. #  
  120. #server {  
  121. #     listen 443;  
  122. #     server_name localhost;  
  123. #  
  124. #     root html;  
  125. #     index index.html index.htm;  
  126. #  
  127. #     ssl on;  
  128. #     ssl_certificate cert.pem;  
  129. #     ssl_certificate_key cert.key;  
  130. #  
  131. #     ssl_session_timeout 5m;  
  132. #  
  133. #     ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;  
  134. #     ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv3:+EXP;  
  135. #     ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;  
  136. #  
  137. #     location / {  
  138. #          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;  
  139. #     }  
  140. #}  
上面配置中根目录为/usr/share/nginx/www,因为我们使用到了一个虚拟目录来对应Tomcat下部署的web应用的path,所以需要在/usr/share/nginx/www下面创建这个对应的虚拟目录:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/nginx/www/session  
最后,可以启动Nginx服务器,执行如下命令:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start  
查询Nginx服务启动状态:
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ sudo ps -ef | grep nginx  
  2. root      3199     1  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx  
  3. www-data  3200  3199  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process  
  4. www-data  3201  3199  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process  
  5. www-data  3202  3199  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process  
  6. www-data  3203  3199  0 Jan25 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process  
  7. shirdrn   3327  3095  0 00:01 pts/5    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx  
这是就可以通过Nginx访问(代理)Web应用首页了。

集群验证

上面配置完成,服务都已经启动成功,可以直接请求链接 http://dev.shirdrn.org/session,就会直接访问部署在Tomcat服务器上的Java Web应用,看到登录页面。
使用前面准备的Web应用session中账号数据进行模拟登录,就可以查看Memcached缓存的数据:
  • telnet 192.168.1.104 11211
telnet到memcached服务端口,查看缓存统计数据。
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~$ telnet 192.168.1.104 11211  
  2. Trying 192.168.1.104...  
  3. Connected to 192.168.1.104.  
  4. Escape character is '^]'.  
  5.   
  6. ERROR  
  7. stats  
  8. STAT pid 3300  
  9. STAT uptime 2148  
  10. STAT time 1359131741  
  11. STAT version 1.4.13  
  12. STAT libevent 2.0.16-stable  
  13. STAT pointer_size 32  
  14. STAT rusage_user 0.052003  
  15. STAT rusage_system 0.084005  
  16. STAT curr_connections 7  
  17. STAT total_connections 9  
  18. STAT connection_structures 8  
  19. STAT reserved_fds 20  
  20. STAT cmd_get 23  
  21. STAT cmd_set 6  
  22. STAT cmd_flush 0  
  23. STAT cmd_touch 0  
  24. STAT get_hits 2  
  25. STAT get_misses 21  
  26. STAT delete_misses 0  
  27. STAT delete_hits 0  
  28. STAT incr_misses 0  
  29. STAT incr_hits 0  
  30. STAT decr_misses 0  
  31. STAT decr_hits 0  
  32. STAT cas_misses 0  
  33. STAT cas_hits 0  
  34. STAT cas_badval 0  
  35. STAT touch_hits 0  
  36. STAT touch_misses 0  
  37. STAT auth_cmds 0  
  38. STAT auth_errors 0  
  39. STAT bytes_read 2675  
  40. STAT bytes_written 2835  
  41. STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864  
  42. STAT accepting_conns 1  
  43. STAT listen_disabled_num 0  
  44. STAT threads 4  
  45. STAT conn_yields 0  
  46. STAT hash_power_level 16  
  47. STAT hash_bytes 262144  
  48. STAT hash_is_expanding 0  
  49. STAT expired_unfetched 0  
  50. STAT evicted_unfetched 0  
  51. STAT bytes 858  
  52. STAT curr_items 2  
  53. STAT total_items 6  
  54. STAT evictions 0  
  55. STAT reclaimed 0  
  56. END  
  • telnet 192.168.1.104 11311
[plain]  view plain copy
  1. shirdrn@dev:~$ telnet 192.168.1.104 11311  
  2. Trying 192.168.1.104...  
  3. Connected to 192.168.1.104.  
  4. Escape character is '^]'.  
  5. stats  
  6. STAT pid 3308  
  7. STAT uptime 2398  
  8. STAT time 1359132000  
  9. STAT version 1.4.13  
  10. STAT libevent 2.0.16-stable  
  11. STAT pointer_size 32  
  12. STAT rusage_user 0.004000  
  13. STAT rusage_system 0.128008  
  14. STAT curr_connections 7  
  15. STAT total_connections 9  
  16. STAT connection_structures 8  
  17. STAT reserved_fds 20  
  18. STAT cmd_get 1  
  19. STAT cmd_set 2  
  20. STAT cmd_flush 0  
  21. STAT cmd_touch 0  
  22. STAT get_hits 0  
  23. STAT get_misses 1  
  24. STAT delete_misses 1  
  25. STAT delete_hits 0  
  26. STAT incr_misses 0  
  27. STAT incr_hits 0  
  28. STAT decr_misses 0  
  29. STAT decr_hits 0  
  30. STAT cas_misses 0  
  31. STAT cas_hits 0  
  32. STAT cas_badval 0  
  33. STAT touch_hits 0  
  34. STAT touch_misses 0  
  35. STAT auth_cmds 0  
  36. STAT auth_errors 0  
  37. STAT bytes_read 644  
  38. STAT bytes_written 2109  
  39. STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864  
  40. STAT accepting_conns 1  
  41. STAT listen_disabled_num 0  
  42. STAT threads 4  
  43. STAT conn_yields 0  
  44. STAT hash_power_level 16  
  45. STAT hash_bytes 262144  
  46. STAT hash_is_expanding 0  
  47. STAT expired_unfetched 1  
  48. STAT evicted_unfetched 0  
  49. STAT bytes 0  
  50. STAT curr_items 0  
  51. STAT total_items 2  
  52. STAT evictions 0  
  53. STAT reclaimed 1  
  54. END  

我们可以停掉某个Tomcat服务,然后观察Session会话数据的复制过程,能够保证当前集群中的会话数据不丢失,另一个结点仍然能提供基于该存在Session的服务。

参考链接

  • https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager
  • https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager/wiki/SetupAndConfiguration
  • http://code.google.com/p/kryo/
  • http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Nginx
  • http://www.iteye.com/topic/676347

你可能感兴趣的:(tomcat)