道路车辆功能安全ISO 26262之一：总述
ISO 26262 is the adaptation of IEC 61508 to comply with needs specific to the application sector of electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles.
- ISO26262派生于IEC61508 [链接]，遵从道路车辆电子电力（E/E）系统应用领域的特定要求。
This adaptation applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of safety-related systems comprised of electrical, electronic and software components.
- 此版本应用于安全相关系统生命周期中的所有活动，安全相关系统包括电子，电力和软件组件。
Safety is one of the key issues of future automobile development. New functionalities not only in areas such as driver assistance, propulsion, in vehicle dynamics control and active and passive safety systems increasingly touch the domain of system safety engineering. Development and integration of these functionalities will strengthen the need for safe system development processes and the need to provide evidence that all reasonable system safety objectives are satisfied.
- 安全是未来汽车行业开发的关键问题。包括驾驶辅助，动力，车辆动态控制以及主被动安全系统等模块的新功能更多地触碰到系统安全工程领域，这些新功能的开发和集成将加强对安全系统开发过程的要求，以及提供证据证明所有合理的系统安全目标被满足的要求。
With the trend of increasing technological complexity, software content and mechatronic implementation, there are increasing risks from systematic failures and random hardware failures. ISO 26262 includes guidance to avoid these risks by providing appropriate requirements and processes.
- 随着技术复杂度，软件内容的增加，机电一体化的实现，随之而来的是系统错误和随机硬件错误风险的增加。 ISO26262通过提供合适的需求和流程来避免这些风险。
System safety is achieved through a number of safety measures, which are implemented in a variety of technologies (e.g. mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, programmable electronic) and applied at the various levels of the development process. Although ISO 26262 is concerned with functional safety of E/E systems, it provides a framework within which safety-related systems based on other technologies can be considered.
- 为了达到系统安全的目的，通过多种技术实现安全措施并应用在各级开发过程中，比如机械，水力，气动，电子，电力，可编程电子。ISO26262关注电子电力系统的功能安全，但它提供一个框架，在这个架构中可以考虑基于其他技术的安全相关系统。
ISO 26262:
a) provides an automotive safety lifecycle (management, development, production, operation, service, decommissioning) and supports tailoring the necessary activities during these lifecycle phases;
b) provides an automotive-specific risk-based approach to determine integrity levels [Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL)];
c) uses ASILs to specify applicable requirements of ISO 26262 so as to avoid unreasonable residual risk;
d) provides requirements for validation and confirmation measures to ensure a sufficient and acceptable level of safety being achieved;
e) provides requirements for relations with suppliers.
- ISO 26262:
- 提供一个汽车安全生命周期（管理，开发，生成，运营，服务，除役），并支持生命周期内必要活动的剪裁；
- 提供汽车专用的基于风险的方法来确定完整性等级[Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL)]；
- 使用ASILs指定ISO26262的适用需求来避免不合理的残余风险；
- 为验证和确认措施提供需求来确保达到足够的和可接受的安全等级；
- 提供与供应商关系的需求；
Functional safety is influenced by the development process (including such activities as requirements specification, design, implementation, integration, verification, validation and configuration), the production and service processes and by the management processes.
- 功能安全被开发流程（包括需求定义，设计，实现，集成，确认，验证和配置），生产和服务流程，以及管理流程影响。
Safety issues are intertwined with common function-oriented and quality-oriented development activities and work products. ISO 26262 addresses the safety-related aspects of development activities and work products.
- 安全问题，公共的面向功能和面向质量的开发活动以及工作产品交织在一起。ISO 26262 涉及开发活动和工作产品的安全相关方面。
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of this edition of ISO 26262. ISO 26262 is based upon a V-model as a reference process model for the different phases of product development. Within the figure:
— the shaded “V”s represent the interconnection between ISO 26262-3, ISO 26262-4, ISO 26262-5, ISO 26262-6 and ISO 26262-7;
— the specific clauses are indicated in the following manner: “m-n”, where “m” represents the number of the particular part and “n” indicates the number of the clause within that part.
- 图1显示此版ISO 26262的整体结构。ISO 26262 基于V字研发流程模型，在图中：
- 阴影的V字表示ISO 26262-3，ISO 26262-4，ISO 26262-5，ISO 26262-6和ISO 26262-7之间的互连；
- 具体子句以如下方式表示：“m-n”，其中“m”表示特定部分的编号，“n”表示该部分内的子句编号。
