ubuntu16.0安装kubernetes集群为练习CKA准备
报名
CKA报名：https://training.linuxfoundation.cn/
时间非常紧
考试注意事项
要保持头再摄像头范围内，让监考老师看到
要保持界面简洁
只能带透明水杯
可以上厕所，但要注意时间
考试流程
jumpserver 通过公网ip远程，通过私网ip远程其他机器。
基础环境配置
swapoff -a
cat < /etc/hosts
192.168.211.40 master
192.168.211.41 node1
192.168.211.42 node2
EOF
安装docker
如果你觉得默认ubutu默认源慢，可以更换aliyun源
$ vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
$ apt-get update
手动安装
https://www.runoob.com/docker/ubuntu-docker-install.html
注意：安装docker一定要指定稳定得版本，否则，会出现兼容性稳定，我们不求新而求稳。
$ apt-get install -y docker-ce=5:19.03.4~3-0~ubuntu-xenial docker-ce-cli=5:19.03.4~3-0~ubuntu-xenial containerd.io=1.2.10-3
问题：
Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu-Server 16.04.6 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20190226)/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
解决方法：
deb cdrom行注释掉
$ vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.3)]/ xenial main restricted
添加docker配置文件，如果不那么保持严谨可以不用添加这一步。如果拉去镜像，最好配置国内得镜像源。
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl status docker
，
ubutu虚拟机如何访问google
要允许本地代理
找到VMnet8地址
ubuntu配置代理
$ vim /etc/profile
export http_proxy=http://192.168.211.1:1080
$ source /etc/profile
$ systemctl restart networking.service
$ wget www.google.com #测试
安装kubernets
配置google kubernets源
cat </etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
配置key
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
更新并安装
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
如果我们无法访问google，可以考虑用aliyun源
配置aliyun kubernets源
cat </etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
验证：
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 6A030B21BA07F4FB
配置key
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
安装工具
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubeadm创建集群master节点
直接执行初始化会拉取镜像失败
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.211.40
拉取镜像失败
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.12.2
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.12.2
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.12.2
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.12.2
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.2
查看需要拉取得镜像
$ kubeadm config images list
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.18.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.18.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.18.5
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.7
注意：这个列表显示的tag名字和镜像版本号，从Kubernetes v1.12+开始，镜像名后面不带 amd64, arm, arm64, ppc64le 这样的标识了
生成默认kubeadm.conf文件
$ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf
6.3 绕过墙下载镜像方法
注意这个配置文件默认会从google的镜像仓库地址k8s.gcr.io下载镜像，如果你没有科学上网，那么就会 下载不来。因此，我们通过下面的方法把地址改成国内的，比如用阿里的：
sed -i "s/imageRepository: .*/imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g" kubeadm.conf
6.4 指定kubeadm安装的Kubernetes版本
sed -i “s/kubernetesVersion: .*/kubernetesVersion: v1.18.1/g” kubeadm.conf
1
6.5 下载需要用到的镜像
kubeadm.conf修改好后，我们执行下面命令就可以自动从国内下载需要用到的镜像了：
$ kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf