wifi详解(二)

1        Wifi模块解析和启动流程

1.1      框架分析

WIFI整体框架如图所示:

首先,用户程序使用WifiManager类来管理Wifi模块,它能够获得Wifi模块的状态,配置和控制Wifi模块,而所有这些操作都要依赖 Wifiservice类来实现。

 WifiService和WifiMonitor类是Wifi框架的核心,如图所示。下面先来看看WifiService是什么时候,怎么被创建和初始化 的。

 在systemServer启动之后,它会创建一个 ConnectivityServer对象,这个对象的构造函数会创建一个WifiService的实例,代码如下所示:

 

framework/base/services/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java

{

……

case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:

               if(DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");

               WifiStateTrackerwst = new WifiStateTracker(context,mHandler);                            //创建WifiStateTracker实例

               WifiService wifiService = newWifiService(context,wst);//创建WifiService实例

               ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE,wifiService);           //向服务管理系统添加Wifi服务

               wifiService.startWifi();    //启动Wifi

               mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI]= wst;

               wst.startMonitoring(); //启动WifiMonitor中的WifiThread线程

……

}

       WifiService的主要工作:WifiMonitor和Wpa_supplicant的启动和关闭,向Wpa_supplicant发送命令。

       WifiMonitor的主要工作:阻塞监听并接收来自Wpa_supplicant的消息,然后发送给WifiStateTracker。

      上面两个线程通过AF_UNIX套接字和Wpa_supplicant通信,在通信过程中有两种连接方式:控制连接和监听连接。它们创建代码如下:

ctrl_conn =wpa_ctrl_open(ifname);

.. .. ..

 monitor_conn = wpa_ctrl_open(ifname);

1.2      Wifi启动流程

       (1)使能Wifi

      要想使用Wifi模块,必须首先使能Wifi,当你第一次按下Wifi使能按钮时,WirelessSettings会实例化一个WifiEnabler 对象,实例化代码如下:

packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/WirelessSettings.java

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

……

             CheckBoxPreferencewifi = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI);

             mWifiEnabler=new WifiEnabler(this, wifi);

……

}

       WifiEnabler类的定义大致如下,它实现了一个监听接口,当WifiEnabler对象被初始化后,它监听到你按键的动作,会调用响应函数 onPreferenceChange(),这个函数会调用WifiManager的setWifiEnabled()函数。

public class WifiEnabler implementsPreference.OnPreferenceChangeListener{

……

public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference,Objectvalue) {

        booleanenable = (Boolean)value;

……

if (mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(enable)) {

               mCheckBox.setEnabled(false);

……

}

……

}

       我们都知道Wifimanager只是个服务代理,所以它会调用WifiService的setWifiEnabled()函数,而这个函数会调用 sendEnableMessage()函数,了解android消息处理机制的都知道,这个函数最终会给自己发送一个 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI的消息,被WifiService里面定义的handlermessage()函数处理,会调用 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数。下面是调用流程:

mWifiEnabler.onpreferencechange()=>mWifiManage.setWifienabled()=>mWifiService.setWifiEnabled()=>mWifiService.sendEnableMessage()=>mWifiService.handleMessage()=>mWifiService.setWifiEnabledBlocking().

在 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数中主要做如下工作:加载Wifi驱动,启动wpa_supplicant,注册广播接收器,启动 WifiThread监听线程。代码如下:

……

if (enable) {

           if(!mWifiStateTracker.loadDriver()) {

               Slog.e(TAG,"Failed toload Wi-Fi driver.");

               setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN,uid);

               return false;

           }

           if(!mWifiStateTracker.startSupplicant()) {

               mWifiStateTracker.unloadDriver();

               Slog.e(TAG, "Failed tostart supplicant daemon.");

               setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);

               return false;

           }

 

           registerForBroadcasts();

           mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();

……

 至此,Wifi使能结束,自动进入扫描阶段。

(2) 扫描AP

      当驱动加载成功后,如果配置文件的AP_SCAN = 1,扫描会自动开始,WifiMonitor将会从supplicant收到一个消息EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,调用 handleDriverEvent(),然后调用mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted(),该函数向消息队列 添加EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,handlermessage()函数处理消息时调用scan()函数,并通过 WifiNative将扫描命令发送到wpa_supplicant。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

private void handleDriverEvent(Stringstate) {

           if(state == null) {

               return;

           }

           if(state.equals("STOPPED")) {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStopped();

           }else if (state.equals("STARTED")) {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted();

           }else if (state.equals("HANGED")) {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverHung();

           }

       }

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

case EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED:

        

               switch(msg.arg1) {

               case DRIVER_STARTED:

                   /**

                    *Set the number of allowed radio channels according

                    *to the system setting, since it gets reset by the

                    *driver upon changing to the STARTED state.

                    */

                   setNumAllowedChannels();

                   synchronized(this) {

                       if(mRunState == RUN_STATE_STARTING) {

                           mRunState= RUN_STATE_RUNNING;

                           if(!mIsScanOnly) {

                               reconnectCommand();

                           }else {

                               // In somesituations, supplicant needs to be kickstarted to

                               // start thebackground scanning

                               scan(true);

                           }

                       }

                   }

                   break;             

上面是启动Wifi 时,自动进行的AP的扫描,用户当然也可以手动扫描AP,这部分实现在WifiService里面,WifiService通过startScan()接 口函数发送扫描命令到supplicant。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

public boolean startScan(booleanforceActive) {

       enforceChangePermission();

 

       switch(mWifiStateTracker.getSupplicantState()) {

           caseDISCONNECTED:

           caseINACTIVE:

           caseSCANNING:

           caseDORMANT:

               break;

           default:

               mWifiStateTracker.setScanResultHandling(

                       WifiStateTracker.SUPPL_SCAN_HANDLING_LIST_ONLY);

               break;

       }

       return mWifiStateTracker.scan(forceActive);

    }

       然后下面的流程同上面的自动扫描,我们来分析一下手动扫描从哪里开始的。我们应该知道手动扫描是通过菜单键的扫描键来响应的,而响应该动作的应该是 WifiSettings类中Scanner类的handlerMessage()函数,它调用WifiManager的 startScanActive(),这才调用WifiService的startScan()。

packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

       menu.add(Menu.NONE,MENU_ID_SCAN, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_scan)

               .setIcon(R.drawable.ic_menu_scan_network);

       menu.add(Menu.NONE,MENU_ID_ADVANCED, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_advanced)

               .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_manage);

       returnsuper.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

    }

       当按下菜单键时,WifiSettings就会调用这个函数绘制菜单。如果选择扫描按钮,WifiSettings会调用 onOptionsItemSelected()。

packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java

public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

       switch (item.getItemId()){

           caseMENU_ID_SCAN:

               if(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {

                   mScanner.resume();

               }

               return true;

           caseMENU_ID_ADVANCED:

               startActivity(new Intent(this,AdvancedSettings.class));

               return true;

       }

       returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

}

 

private class Scanner extends Handler {

       private int mRetry = 0;

 

       void resume() {

           if (!hasMessages(0)) {

               sendEmptyMessage(0);

           }

       }

 

       void pause() {

           mRetry= 0;

           mAccessPoints.setProgress(false);

           removeMessages(0);

       }

 

       @Override

       public voidhandleMessage(Message message) {

           if(mWifiManager.startScanActive()){

               mRetry = 0;

           }else if (++mRetry >= 3) {

               mRetry = 0;

               Toast.makeText(WifiSettings.this,R.string.wifi_fail_to_scan,

                       Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

               return;

           }

           mAccessPoints.setProgress(mRetry!= 0);

           sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 6000);

       }

    }

这里的mWifiManager.startScanActive()就会调用WifiService里 的startScan()函数,下面的流程和上面的一样,这里不赘述。

当supplicant完成了这个扫描命令后,它会发送一个消息给上 层,提醒他们扫描已经完成,WifiMonitor会接收到这消息,然后再发送给WifiStateTracker。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

           switch (event) {

               caseDISCONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;

 

               case CONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;

 

               case SCAN_RESULTS:

                   mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();

                   break;

 

               case UNKNOWN:

                   break;

            }

        }

WifiStateTracker将会广播SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息:

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

public voidhandleMessage(Message msg) {

        Intent intent;

……

case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:

               if(ActivityManagerNative.isSystemReady()) {

                   mContext.sendBroadcast(newIntent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));

               }

               sendScanResultsAvailable();

               /**

                * On receiving the first scanresults after connecting to

                * the supplicant, switch scanmode over to passive.

                */

               setScanMode(false);

               break;

……

       由于WifiSettings类注册了intent,能够处理SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息,它会调用 handleEvent(),调用流程如下所示。

WifiSettings.handleEvent()=>WifiSettings.updateAccessPoints() => mWifiManager.getScanResults()=> mService.getScanResults()=> mWifiStateTracker.scanResults() =>WifiNative.scanResultsCommand()……

将 获取AP列表的命令发送到supplicant,然后supplicant通过Socket发送扫描结果,由上层接收并显示。这和前面的消息获取流程基本 相同。

(3)配置,连接AP

当用户选择一个活跃的AP时,WifiSettings响应打开一个对话框来配 置AP,比如加密方法和连接AP的验证模式。配置好AP后,WifiService添加或更新网络连接到特定的AP。

packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

public booleanonPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen screen,Preference preference) {

       if (preference instanceofAccessPoint) {

           mSelected= (AccessPoint) preference;

           showDialog(mSelected, false);

       } else if (preference ==mAddNetwork) {

           mSelected= null;

           showDialog(null,true);

       } else if (preference ==mNotifyOpenNetworks) {

           Secure.putInt(getContentResolver(),

                   Secure.WIFI_NETWORKS_AVAILABLE_NOTIFICATION_ON,

                   mNotifyOpenNetworks.isChecked()? 1 : 0);

       } else {

           returnsuper.onPreferenceTreeClick(screen, preference);

       }

       return true;

    }

       配置好以后,当按下“Connect Press”时,WifiSettings通过发送LIST_NETWORK命令到supplicant来检查该网络是否配置。如果没有该网络或没有配置 它,WifiService调用addorUpdateNetwork()函数来添加或更新网络,然后发送命令给supplicant,连接到这个网络。 下面是从响应连接按钮到WifiService发送连接命令的代码:

packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java

public void onClick(DialogInterfacedialogInterface, int button) {

       if (button ==WifiDialog.BUTTON_FORGET && mSelected != null) {

           forget(mSelected.networkId);

       } else if (button ==WifiDialog.BUTTON_SUBMIT && mDialog !=null) {

           WifiConfigurationconfig = mDialog.getConfig();

 

           if(config == null) {

               if (mSelected != null&& !requireKeyStore(mSelected.getConfig())) {

                   connect(mSelected.networkId);

               }

           }else if (config.networkId != -1) {

               if (mSelected != null) {

                   mWifiManager.updateNetwork(config);

                   saveNetworks();

               }

           }else {

               intnetworkId =mWifiManager.addNetwork(config);

               if (networkId != -1) {

                   mWifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId,false);

                   config.networkId =networkId;

                   if (mDialog.edit || requireKeyStore(config)){

                       saveNetworks();

                   } else {

                       connect(networkId);

                   }

               }

           }

       }

    }

Frameworks\base\wifi\java\android\net\wifi\WifiManager.java

public intupdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

        if(config == null ||config.networkId < 0) {

           return-1;

        }

        returnaddOrUpdateNetwork(config);

}

private intaddOrUpdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {

       try {

           return mService.addOrUpdateNetwork(config);

       } catch (RemoteExceptione) {

           return-1;

       }

    }

 

WifiService.addOrUpdateNetwork()通过调用mWifiStateTracker.setNetworkVariable()将连接命令发送到Wpa_supplicant。

(4) 获取IP地址

当连接到supplicant后,WifiMonitor就会通知WifiStateTracker。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

Public void Run(){

if (connectToSupplicant()) {

               // Send a message indicatingthat it is now possible to send commands

               // tothe supplicant

               mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantConnection();

           }else {

               mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantLost();

               return;

           }

……

}

WifiStateTracker 发送EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION消息到消息队列,这个消息有自己的handlermessage()函数处理,它会启动一个 DHCP线程,而这个线程会一直等待一个消息事件,来启动DHCP协议分配IP地址。

frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java

void notifySupplicantConnection() {

       sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION);

}

 

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

       Intent intent;

 

       switch (msg.what) {

           caseEVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION:

            ……

            HandlerThread dhcpThread =newHandlerThread("DHCP Handler Thread");

               dhcpThread.start();

               mDhcpTarget =newDhcpHandler(dhcpThread.getLooper(), this);

……

……

}

当 Wpa_supplicant连接到AP后,它会发送一个消息给上层来通知连接成功,WifiMonitor会接受到这个消息并上报给 WifiStateTracker。

Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java

void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {

           switch(event) {

               caseDISCONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;

 

               caseCONNECTED:

                   handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);

                   break;

               ……

}

 

private void handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedStatenewState, String data) {

        StringBSSID = null;

        intnetworkId = -1;

        if(newState ==NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED) {

           Matchermatch = mConnectedEventPattern.matcher(data);

           if(!match.find()) {

               if(Config.LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Could not find BSSID in CONNECTEDeventstring");

           }else {

               BSSID= match.group(1);

               try{

                   networkId= Integer.parseInt(match.group(2));

               }catch (NumberFormatException e) {

                   networkId= -1;

               }

            }

        }

        mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange(newState,BSSID,networkId);

}

      

void notifyStateChange(DetailedState newState, StringBSSID, intnetworkId) {

        Messagemsg =Message.obtain(

           this,EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED,

           newNetworkStateChangeResult(newState, BSSID, networkId));

       msg.sendToTarget();

    }

 

caseEVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:

……

configureInterface();

……

 

private void configureInterface() {

       checkPollTimer();

        mLastSignalLevel = -1;

        if(!mUseStaticIp){          //使用DHCP线程动态IP

           if(!mHaveIpAddress && !mObtainingIpAddress) {

               mObtainingIpAddress= true;

 

                                  //发送启动DHCP线程获取IP

               mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START);

            }

        } else{        //使用静态IPIP信息从mDhcpInfo中获取

           intevent;

           if(NetworkUtils.configureInterface(mInterfaceName,mDhcpInfo)) {

               mHaveIpAddress= true;

               event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

               if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configurationsucceeded");

           }else {

               mHaveIpAddress= false;

               event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

               if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configuration failed");

            }

           sendEmptyMessage(event);          //发送IP获得成功消息事件

        }

    }

             DhcpThread获取EVENT_DHCP_START消息事件后,调用handleMessage()函数,启动DHCP获取IP地址的服务。

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

           intevent;

switch (msg.what) {

               caseEVENT_DHCP_START:

 

……

Log.d(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP requeststarted");

//启动一个DHCPclient的精灵进 程,为mInterfaceName请求分配一个IP地//址

    if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {

     event=EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED;

         if(LOCAL_LOGD)Log.v(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP request succeeded");

    } else {

           event=EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED;

          Log.i(TAG,"DhcpHandler: DHCP request failed: " +

                           NetworkUtils.getDhcpError());

        }

……

}

这 里调用了一个NetworkUtils.runDhcp()函数,NetworkUtils类是一个网络服务的辅助类,它主要定义了一些本地接口,这些接 口会通过他们的JNI层android_net_NetUtils.cpp文件和DHCP client通信,并获取IP地址。

至此,IP 地址获取完毕,Wifi启动流程结束。


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