在设置桌面不同分辨率以及较大DPI下,窗口如何显示的问题。
方案一 设置窗口最大值和最小值显示
通过对比当前屏幕的可显示区域,将窗口高宽最大值和最小值,设置为窗口的实际高宽(此例中仅设置高度)
界面设置
- 设置窗口内容自适应SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
- 添加ViewBox -- 设置默认不拉伸Stretch="None",当DPI超大时如超过1920*1080p的175%(即win10默认不支持的比例显示),开启ViewBox缩放
- 顶层布局容器RootGrid添加高宽最大值和最小值。
1"WindowHeightChangedForDpi.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowHeightChangedForDpi" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="MainWindow" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"> 9 "RootViewbox" Stretch="None"> 10 14"RootGrid" Width="1000" MaxHeight="680" MinHeight="520" ClipToBounds="True"> 11 12 13
后台设置 - 窗口大小自适应设置
- 添加对Loaded事件的监听,并在之后注销。窗口只需要首次初始其高度即可。
- 获取屏幕的高度和任务栏的高度 -- 具体可以参考C# 获取当前屏幕的宽高和位置
- 比较当前可显示高度(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)与窗口的最大/最小高度,然后设置当前窗口的实际高度。
- 如果可显示高度比最小值还小,则开启ViewBox内容缩放。ViewBox的高度为当前可显示高度。
- 如果当前窗口有阴影,可设置阴影高度大小。保证窗口在可显示区域内正常显示。
1 public partial class MainWindow : Window 2 { 3 public MainWindow() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 Loaded += InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded; 7 } 8 9 #region 设置窗口对屏幕高度的自适应 10 11 private void InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 12 { 13 Loaded -= InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded; 14 InitWindowActualHeight(); 15 } 16 17 private const double WindowShadowHeight = 0; 18 19 private void InitWindowActualHeight() 20 { 21 //获取窗体所在屏幕的高度 22 var visibleAreaHeight = GetScreenHeight(); 23 24 //可显示高度 > 窗口最大高度 25 if (visibleAreaHeight > RootGrid.MaxHeight + WindowShadowHeight) 26 { 27 //设置高度等于最大高度 28 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MaxHeight; 29 } 30 //可显示高度 < 窗口最小高度 31 else if (visibleAreaHeight < RootGrid.MinHeight + WindowShadowHeight) 32 { 33 //设置Viewbox高度=可视高度-阴影高度(此处通过绽放显示窗口,所以不能通过设置窗口或者设置内容的高度来实现) 34 RootViewbox.Height = visibleAreaHeight - WindowShadowHeight; 35 //等比例缩小 36 RootViewbox.Stretch = Stretch.Uniform; 37 } 38 else 39 { 40 //设置高度等于最小高度 41 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MinHeight; 42 } 43 } 44 const double DpiPercent = 96; 45 private double GetScreenHeight() 46 { 47 var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄 48 var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕 49 50 double height = 0; 51 using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr)) 52 { 53 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent; 54 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent; 55 height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio; 56 //var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio; 57 //var left = screen.WorkingArea.Left / dpiXRatio; 58 //var top = screen.WorkingArea.Top / dpiYRatio; 59 } 60 return height; 61 } 62 #endregion 63 }
注:获取的屏幕高度为屏幕像素,需要转换为WPF单位。
以上只是设置了高度的最大值最值,如果需要,可以对高度设置多个梯度,对应不同分辨率下的显示。
下载Demo
方案二 设置窗口为屏幕的百分比(如60%)显示
窗口设置为屏幕的百分比大小(如60%高宽)显示,在这基础上添加限制(最大值、最小值)。
如此,对多种分辨率、DPI比例,我们开发时就不需要考虑其它因素,简单明了且所有窗口大小能统一。
比如主窗口A设置为屏幕可显示区域的60%大小,二级子窗口设置为可显示区域的40%大小,三级子窗口设置为可显示区域的30%大小。
实现方案与案例
通过添加附加属性,设置当前窗口宽为可显示区域的80%大小,高为可显示区域高的75%大小。
1 <Window x:Class="WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="MainWindow" 9 local:WindowAdaptation.WidthByScreenRatio="0.8" MaxWidth="1200" MinWidth="800" 10 local:WindowAdaptation.HeightByScreenRatio="0.75" MaxHeight="800" MinHeight="520"> 11 <Grid Background="CornflowerBlue"> 12 13 Grid> 14 Window>
添加附加属性 WidthByScreenRatio、HeightByScreenRatio。
控制窗口大小:
- 默认设置为当前屏幕工作区域的显示比例大小
- 如果超过窗口最大高度/宽高,则显示为窗口最大高度/宽高
- 如果小于窗口最小高度/宽高,则显示为当前可显示区域的最大高度/宽高
1 ///2 /// 为窗口 添加附加属性的辅助类 3 /// 4 public class WindowAdaptation 5 { 6 #region 窗口宽度比例 7 /// 8 /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0] 9 /// 窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)* 窗口宽度比例 10 /// 11 public static readonly DependencyProperty WidthByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached( 12 "WidthByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged)); 13 14 private static void OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) 15 { 16 if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double widthByScreenRatio) 17 { 18 if (widthByScreenRatio <= 0 || widthByScreenRatio > 1) 19 { 20 throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{widthByScreenRatio}"); 21 } 22 23 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window); 24 var screenRatioWidth = screenDisplayArea.Width * widthByScreenRatio; 25 26 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxWidth) && screenRatioWidth > window.MaxWidth) 27 { 28 window.Width = window.MaxWidth; 29 } 30 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinWidth) && screenRatioWidth < window.MinWidth) 31 { 32 window.Width = screenDisplayArea.Width; 33 } 34 else 35 { 36 window.Width = screenRatioWidth; 37 } 38 } 39 } 40 41 public static void SetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value) 42 { 43 element.SetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty, value); 44 } 45 46 public static double GetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element) 47 { 48 return (double)element.GetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty); 49 } 50 #endregion 51 52 #region 窗口高度比例 53 /// 54 /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0] 55 /// 窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)* 窗口宽度比例 56 /// 57 public static readonly DependencyProperty HeightByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached( 58 "HeightByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged)); 59 60 private static void OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) 61 { 62 if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double heightByScreenRatio) 63 { 64 if (heightByScreenRatio <= 0 || heightByScreenRatio > 1) 65 { 66 throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{heightByScreenRatio}"); 67 } 68 69 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window); 70 var screenRatioHeight = screenDisplayArea.Height * heightByScreenRatio; 71 72 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxHeight) && screenRatioHeight > window.MaxHeight) 73 { 74 window.Height = window.MaxHeight; 75 } 76 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinHeight) && screenRatioHeight < window.MinHeight) 77 { 78 window.Height = screenDisplayArea.Height; 79 } 80 else 81 { 82 window.Height = screenRatioHeight; 83 } 84 } 85 } 86 87 public static void SetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value) 88 { 89 element.SetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty, value); 90 } 91 92 public static double GetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element) 93 { 94 return (double)element.GetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty); 95 } 96 #endregion 97 98 const int DpiPercent = 96; 99 private static dynamic GetScreenSize(Window window) 100 { 101 var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄 102 var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕 103 using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr)) 104 { 105 //分别获取当前屏幕X/Y方向的DPI 106 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent; 107 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent; 108 109 var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio; 110 var height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio; 111 112 return new { Width = width, Height = height }; 113 } 114 } 115 }
下载 Demo
下图为1920*1080p的175%DPI显示:
下图为1366*768的125%DPI下显示: