Spring中的监听器是一个典型的观察者模式,谈到观察者模式就一定有一个观察者和被观察者。Spring中监听器的设计如下:
还不会使用Spring监听器的同学,先移步《spring监听器的使用》这篇文章。
Spring使用事件多播器ApplicationEventMulticaster来注册和通知监听器。
先来看下刷新Application上下文的经典代码:
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// 1. 准备刷新的上下文环境
prepareRefresh();
// 2. 初始化BeanFactory,并进行XML文件的加载
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 3. 对BeanFactory进行各种功能填充
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 4. 子类覆盖犯法做额外的处理
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 5. 调用BeanFactory后处理器
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 6. 注册bean后处理器,在调用getBean的时候回调这些bean后处理器的方法
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 7. 为上下文初始化Message源
initMessageSource();
// 8. 初始化事件多播器
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// 9. 留给子类初始化其他bean
onRefresh();
// 10. 注册监听器
registerListeners();
// 11. 初始化剩下的单例Bean(非惰性的)
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// 12. 最后一步,发布通知事件
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// 销毁已经创建的单例,以避免挂起资源。
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
这段代码是AbstractApplicationContext类的refresh方法,看Spring源码必读的方法!跟Spring监听器相关的逻辑,在第8步(初始化事件多播器)和第10步(注册监听器),我们展开分析下~
public static final String APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME = "applicationEventMulticaster";
protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
// 1. bean工厂中如果有用户定义的applicationEventMulticaster的bean实例,则使用用户的事件多播器
if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
this.applicationEventMulticaster =
beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
else {
// 2. 否则使用默认的SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster
this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name '" +
APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME +
"': using default [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
}
该代码片段在AbstractApplicationContext类的initApplicationEventMulticaster方法。如果用户没有定义自己的ApplicationEventMulticaster,就是使用Spring默认的事件多播器:SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster。
可以看到,这个事件多播器保存在AbstractApplicationContext类的applicationEventMulticaster属性中。
事件多播器初始化完成之后,就需要把容器中的监听器注册到这个事件多播器中了。
protected void registerListeners() {
// 1. 首先注册静态指定的监听器
for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
}
// 2. 保存ApplicationListener类型的beanName
String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
}
// 3. 使用多播器发布早期应用事件
Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents;
this.earlyApplicationEvents = null;
if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) {
for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent);
}
}
}
第2步有点不对啊,为什么只把ApplicationListener类型的beanName放到多播器中了,应该保存bean实例啊。Spring的注释中写到:我们需要保持所有常规bean未初始化,以便让后处理器应用于它们!
其实真正注册监听器的地方在ApplicationListenerDetector类中,ApplicationListenerDetector是一个Bean后处理器。容器中的Bean初始化之后,会调用Bean后处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法。我们来看下ApplicationListenerDetector类的postProcessAfterInitialization方法:
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
// 如果这个bean实例是监听器类型
if (bean instanceof ApplicationListener) {
Boolean flag = this.singletonNames.get(beanName);
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(flag)) {
// 注册ApplicationListener类型的bean实例,看下这个方法
this.applicationContext.addApplicationListener((ApplicationListener<?>) bean);
}
else if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(flag)) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled() && !this.applicationContext.containsBean(beanName)) {
// inner bean with other scope - can't reliably process events
logger.warn("Inner bean '" + beanName + "' implements ApplicationListener interface " +
"but is not reachable for event multicasting by its containing ApplicationContext " +
"because it does not have singleton scope. Only top-level listener beans are allowed " +
"to be of non-singleton scope.");
}
this.singletonNames.remove(beanName);
}
}
return bean;
}
如果bean是ApplicationListener类型,则调用AbstractApplicationContext类的addApplicationListener方法:
public void addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener) {
Assert.notNull(listener, "ApplicationListener must not be null");
if (this.applicationEventMulticaster != null) {
// 把监听器注册到多播器中
this.applicationEventMulticaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
}
else {
this.applicationListeners.add(listener);
}
}
终于看到多播器了,最终监听器还是注册在多播器中的。
其实也不是多播器来直接管理监听器的,而是AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster多播器中有一个ListenerRetriever内部类。监听器保存在ListenerRetriever类的applicationListeners属性中。即:AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners
我们一般使用AbstractApplicationContext类的publishEvent方法来发布一个事件,其底层会调用SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster多播器的multicastEvent方法。看下代码:
public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
// 1. 解析事件类型
ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
// 2. 循环通知监听器
for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
if (executor != null) {
executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
}
else {
// 调用监听器方法
invokeListener(listener, event);
}
}
}
继续跟进去,SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster类的invokeListener方法
protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
ErrorHandler errorHandler = getErrorHandler();
if (errorHandler != null) {
try {
// 真正的逻辑
doInvokeListener(listener, event);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
errorHandler.handleError(err);
}
}
else {
doInvokeListener(listener, event);
}
}
又是doXxx类型的方法在干活儿,继续点进去吧
private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
try {
// 调用监听器的onApplicationEvent方法
listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
}
catch (ClassCastException ex) {
String msg = ex.getMessage();
if (msg == null || matchesClassCastMessage(msg, event.getClass().getName())) {
// Possibly a lambda-defined listener which we could not resolve the generic event type for
// -> let's suppress the exception and just log a debug message.
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Non-matching event type for listener: " + listener, ex);
}
}
else {
throw ex;
}
}
}
至此我们已经看到,最终是SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster多播器调用了监听器的onApplicationEvent方法,进而执行用户自定义的监听逻辑。