前言
本文主要介绍kali linux rolling版安装后的通用配置。包括网络优化，系统更新，显卡驱动安装，乱码问题解决方案，常用工具软件安装，键盘灯配置等。当前kali版本为2018.7，文章随时更新。update：2019-04-08 17:24:40
一、 网络优化
更换host
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googlehosts/hosts/master/hosts-files/hosts -O /etc/hosts
更换dns
domain
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 1.0.0.1
nameserver 9.9.9.9当前版本不能直接编辑/etc/resolv.conf，需通过 resolvconf命令配置，最多可指定３个DNS服务器。
sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head #另外还有base、tail几个文件可选
sudo service resolvconf restart #手动重启服务
sudo update-rc.d resolvconf enable #设为开机启动
#可以通过如下方式验证是否生效
cat /etc/resolv.conf添加源
kali rolling现在的官方源会“智能”跳转到国内源，但速度实在不敢恭维。下面提供几个源地址，挑选一个最快的写到 /etc/apt/sources.list 里面。
#官方源
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
# For source package access, uncomment the following line
# deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rol3ling main contrib non-free
#浙大
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
#东软
deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
# 阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali-rolling/updates main contrib non-free
# 中科大
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali-current/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali-current/updates main contrib non-free如何判断哪个快？ping……
二、 更新系统
apt-get update -y && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
#reboot
apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
#reboot有两处建议重启下，如果结束后提示--fix-missing相关字样，按照提示再运行一次,apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-missing -y。有些内容需要手动确认，根据实际情况按q，或者挪动方向键回车。
如果apt-get update出现GPG Error – Key Expired，需要更新一下gpg key。
- 方案一
wget https://http.kali.org/kali/pool/main/k/kali-archive-keyring/kali-archive-keyring_2018.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i kali-archive-keyring_2018.1_all.deb - 方案二
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 7D8D0BF6 - 方案三
wget -q -O - https://archive.kali.org/archive-key.asc |sudo apt-key add
三 、安装N卡驱动
网上关于"KALI LINUX NVIDIA显卡驱动"的帖子五花八门，踩了无数坑之后，才意识到RTFM的重要性。安装方法其实很简单，直接按照官方文档进行操作，GTX1070亲测有效。个别地方有小变动，但不影响安装。
注意几点：glxinfo需要手动安装，安装命令是：sudo apt-get install mesa-utils；查看是否开启渲染：glxinfo| grep -i "direct rendering"；查看屏幕fps：glxgears；
四、修复 add-apt-repository
根据官方的说法，由于kali是针对渗透测试进行了高度定制化的系统，采用add-apt-repository这种方式安装第三方软件容易导致系统不稳定。在漫长的源码编译和快速安装之间，总要有个取舍。自带的add-apt-repository是用python3写的，运行时各种报错。下面代码算是add-apt-repository命令的另一个版本的源码，可以写成脚本替换/usr/bin/add-apt-repository。
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -eq 1 ]
NM=`uname -a && date`
NAME=`echo $NM | md5sum | cut -f1 -d" "`
then
ppa_name=`echo "$1" | cut -d":" -f2 -s`
if [ -z "$ppa_name" ]
then
echo "PPA name not found"
echo "Utility to add PPA repositories in your debian machine"
echo "$0 ppa:user/ppa-name"
else
echo "$ppa_name"
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/$ppa_name/ubuntu oneiric main " >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update >> /dev/null 2> /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt
key=`cat /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt | cut -d":" -f6 | cut -d" " -f3`
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys $key
rm -rf /tmp/${NAME}_apt_add_key.txt
fi
else
echo "Utility to add PPA repositories in your debian machine"
echo "$0 ppa:user/ppa-name"
fi五、安装常用软件
安装apt自带的包
- normal
sudo apt-get install apt-file aptitude remmina blender audacity smplayer vlc fcitx-rime filezilla cheese screengrab conky conky-manager cairo-dock gimp cmus qmmp sandi zeal deluge rarcrack terminator dos2unix python-mutagen dia ghex thunderbird gnome-screenshot putty* calibre kchmviewer transmission gnome-clocks translate-shell meld environment
sudo apt-get install android* androguard strace virtualbox- secure
sudo apt install network-manager-open-gnome libappindicator3-1 network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-strongswan network-manager-c network-manager-c-gnome telegram-desktop other
wxhexeditor
安装第三方的deb包
#大体流程如下
sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb
# sudo apt-get install -f #如果出现依赖缺失，执行这个从源里面下载。
# 如果源里面没有指定包，去debian网站上下载。为保证系统稳定，千万不要乱改自己的sources.list。搜狗输入法
需要事先准备如下几个文件：libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb、fcitx-libs-qt_4.2.9.1-6_all.deb、sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb
> sudo apt-get install fcitx #搜狗基于fcitx，需要先装好。
#如果此时直接dpkg安装sogoupinyin.deb会报依赖问题，去debian官网找到对应的依赖包，手动安装。
> sudo dpkg -i libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 520377 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libqt5webkit5_5.212.0_alpha2-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5webkit5:amd64 (5.212.0~alpha2-9) over (5.212.0~alpha2-9) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libqt5webkit5:amd64:
libqt5webkit5:amd64 depends on qtbase-abi-5-10-0; however:
Package qtbase-abi-5-10-0 is not installed.
libqt5webkit5:amd64 depends on qtdeclarative-abi-5-10-1; however:
Package qtdeclarative-abi-5-10-1 is not installed.
> sudo apt-get install -f
> sudo dpkg -i fcitx-libs-qt_4.2.9.1-6_all.deb
> sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 520388 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) over (2.2.0.0102) ...
Setting up sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.61) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-11) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-3) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.9-2) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.1-2) ...
No such key 'Gtk/IMModule' in schema 'org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings' as specified in override file '/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override'; ignoring override for this key.
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
安装后需要重启一次系统，然后在fcitx面板中配置输入法顺序。
如果配置好后无法启动搜狗输入法，找到搜狗输入法的这个配置文件：
$ find /usr -name 50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override查看文件内容
$ cat /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.keyboard]
active=false
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings]
Gtk/IMModule=fcitx
[com.canonical.indicator.keyboard]
visible=false修改成如下内容
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.keyboard]
active=false
[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings]
overrides={'Gtk/IMModule':<'fcitx'>}
[com.canonical.indicator.keyboard]
visible=false经过验证，从官网下载的皮肤在linux下通用。不同的是，linux版的候选字无法竖屏显示。此外，linux版的搜狗输入法没有广告、弹窗、也没有占CPU内存的sougou_cloud.exe。其实仔细想想不难发现，对搜狗来说，单单是开发linux版的输入法就已经耗费人力财力了，linux用户又不多，再开发一堆垃圾弹窗云服务实在是得不偿失。wps同理。
网易云音乐
自带源版本 sudo apt-get install netease-cloud-music
官网版本V1.1.0 ubuntu下载https://music.163.com/#/download
sudo dpkg -i netease_xxx_xxx.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
# 执行以下命令启动：
unset SESSION_MANAGER && netease-cloud-music &
#可以在cairo中新建启动器，输入上面的命令。安装后无法启动的具体原因及解决方案：
https://www.zhihu.com/question/277330447/answer/478510195
安装WPS
sudo dpkg -i multiarch-support_2.19-18+deb8u10_amd64.deb #https://packages.debian.org/jessie/amd64/multiarch-support/download
sudo dpkg -i libpng12-0_1.2.50-2+deb8u3_amd64.deb #https://packages.debian.org/jessie/libpng12-0
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5707~a21_amd64.deb #http://wps-community.org/downloads由于版权原因，一些字体wps没有内置，初次启动时会提示部分字体缺失。github上有人整理了一份，可以从这里下载安装：https://github.com/rains31/ttf-wps-fonts
- wingide
sudo dpkg -i wingide6_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install libpango1.0-0
sudo apt --fix-broken install安装完成后，嘿嘿嘿……
安装tgz的包
- 为知笔记compile/绿色版
Ubuntu 18.04 下运行前，请先执行 sudo apt install openssl1.0 libssl1.0-dev ，再双击运行绿色版
推荐使用 ibus 输入法 - eclipse-adt
- 安装python常用库
编译安装github包
以MakeHuman为例
官网：
源码：https://github.com/makehumancommunity/makehuman
贴吧：https://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=makehuman
安装步骤：
#初始化安装环境
sudo apt-get install python3-numpy python3-opengl python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qtsvg #
#python3-pyqt5.opengl这个包找不到，这里先略过
#下载源代码
git clone https://github.com/makehumancommunity/makehuman.git
cd makehuman/makehuman/
python3 download_assets_git.py
#安装 git-lfs，参考：https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/packages/ubuntu/vivid/git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb
# wget --content-disposition https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/packages/debian/jessie/git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb/download.deb
# sudo dpkg -i git-lfs_2.5.1_amd64.deb
# git lfs install
python3 download_assets_git.py
python3 compile_models.py
python3 compile_proxies.py
python3 compile_targets.py
#启动应用
./makehuman
#如果无法启动，执行如下命令
# sudo apt-get install python python-numpy python-opengl python-qt4 python-qt4-gl
#sudo apt-get install python-opengl python3-opengl python3-qt*
#遗留问题：python3-pyqt5.opengl这个包找不到，opengl模式开启失败，但不影响基本使用。以上注释部分为安装时遇到的依赖问题，如果遇到，就执行其中代码。
- 安装顶部扩展插件
用火狐打开https://extensions.gnome.org/
命令行版:gsettings list-recursively |grep "org.gnome.shell.extensions" - 破解一些东东
- webstorm系列,数据库,
云服务器... - sublime http://xxx.com
- sudo cp winewrapper.exe.so /opt/cxoffice/lib/wine/
- wing
- webstorm系列,数据库,
easyconnect配置
- 安装前后可能遇到的问题
- 修复add-repository
- 开启32位架构支持
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 - USB devices are not recognized in Virtualbox Linux host
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers - dpkg 资源占用问题
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock - 注意关机前一定要把lantern退出,不然再次开机联网会出现非常奇怪的问题.有时间写个关机监控脚本.
- chrome更新源问题
-apt-file search xx.so/aptitude search xxx
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chrome-remote-desktop.list echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade #In case you still have problems with the update process, check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and remove any Google entry that may exist by executing sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
六、参考资料
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/233823#
https://www.ithome.com/html/it/353590.htm
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/102206.htm
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4348516267#
写作计划：打算再单独写几篇，内容包括但不限于自动化脚本，美化及优化，开发环境搭建。