程序包编译安装
在linux中，程序的安装分为rpm安装、yum安装和编译安装，rpm包和yum包在制作过程中已经规划好了安装的路径，相对普通用户来说，这种方式相对于便捷，但是只能用在匹配的系统版本上，定义不同的安装方式。很多软件使用源码发布，以便于应用在不同的平台上。用户在编译源码的时候，生成适用于当前操作系统的二进制程序。linux有现成的编译工具，可以批量的，自动的帮我们把成千上万的源代码按规则生成二进制。这个工具叫做make（项目管理器），针对于c语言和c++。
本文章所用系统为CentOS 7，httpd源码为httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2
准备工作：安装开发包组
在程序的编译安装之前，先安装好开发包组，执行命令yum groupinstall "Development tools"（安装过程过长，截取部分展示）
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#yum groupinstall "Development tools"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
webtatic | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 806 kB 00:00:02
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 4.8 MB 00:00:14
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp
* extras: mirrors.btte.net
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
* webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: m4 >= 1.4.14 for package: autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch
---> Package automake.noarch 0:1.13.4-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Thread::Queue) for package: automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(TAP::Parser) for package: automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch
......
准备工作：安装Apache
因为安装httpd必须用到apache，在这里提前按住Apache，执行命令yum install apr-util-devel
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#yum install apr-util-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* epel: repo.ugm.ac.id
* extras: mirrors.btte.net
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
* webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr-util-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(apr-1) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: openldap-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdb-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: expat-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: apr-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
......
准备工作：安装pcre
pcre是通用的正则表达式引擎，在很多软件中都可以使用，是必要安装的组件之一，执行命令yum install pcre-devel
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#yum install pcre-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* epel: mirror.premi.st
* extras: mirrors.btte.net
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
* webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-15.el7_2.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
......
下载httpd源码并上传至centos虚拟机并解压
首先下载我们所需要的httpd源码，这里推荐下载网址http://apache.fayea.com/httpd/
在这里我们需要用一个工具WinSCP，把我们已经下载的httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2上传至CentOS 7虚拟机里。
使用XShell/CRT远程连接时，直接使用rz命令向Centos系统上传文件
第一步：配置WinSCP客户端，连接到CentOS 7
第二步：找到你下载在windows系统下的源码包，复制进CentOS 7系统里，在linux中，有一个专门放置源码包的目录 /usr/local/src/，推荐源码包统一放置在此文件夹
第三步：在CentOS 7中检查是否上传完成
[root@centos7 ~]#cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src]#ll
total 6376
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6527394 Jul 31 09:55 httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2
第四步：用tar命令解压已上传的httpd源码包，在这里已经可以看到解压后的httpd-2.4.27文件夹
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src]#tar xvf httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2
httpd-2.4.27/
httpd-2.4.27/.deps
httpd-2.4.27/.gdbinit
httpd-2.4.27/ABOUT_APACHE
httpd-2.4.27/acinclude.m4
httpd-2.4.27/ap.d
httpd-2.4.27/Apache-apr2.dsw
......
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src]#ll
total 6380
drwxr-xr-x. 11 501 games 4096 Jul 7 01:38 httpd-2.4.27
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6527394 Jul 31 09:55 httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2
看说明
cat README 查看使用说明（由于文件过大，截取部分展示）
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#cat README
Apache HTTP Server
What is it?
-----------
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful and flexible HTTP/1.1 compliant
web server. Originally designed as a replacement for the NCSA HTTP
Server, it has grown to be the most popular web server on the
Internet. As a project of the Apache Software Foundation, the
developers aim to collaboratively develop and maintain a robust,
commercial-grade, standards-based server with freely available
source code.
The Latest Version
------------------
Details of the latest version can be found on the Apache HTTP
server project page under http://httpd.apache.org/.
Documentation
-------------
The documentation available as of the date of this release is
included in HTML format in the docs/manual/ directory. The most
up-to-date documentation can be found at
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/.
......
cat INSTALL 查看安装信息（由于文件过大，截取部分展示）
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#cat INSTALL
APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
Quick Start - Unix
------------------
For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html
$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
$ make
$ make install
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
NOTES: * Replace PREFIX with the filesystem path under which
Apache should be installed. A typical installation
might use "/usr/local/apache2" for PREFIX (without the
quotes).
* Consider if you want to use a previously installed APR and
APR-Util (such as those provided with many OSes) or if you
need to use the APR and APR-Util from the apr.apache.org
project. If the latter, download the latest versions and
unpack them to ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (no
version numbers in the directory names) and use
./configure's --with-included-apr option. This is required
if you don't have the compiler which the system APR was
built with. It can also be advantageous if you are a
developer who will be linking your code with Apache or using
a debugger to step through server code, as it removes the
possibility of version or compile-option mismatches with APR
and APR-Util code. As a convenience, prepackaged source-code
bundles of APR and APR-Util are occasionally also provided
as a httpd-2.X.X-deps.tar.gz download.
......
生成Makefile文件并安装
执行configure文件，定义安装位置为/app/httpd24，开启动态链接功能，开启ssl模块。执行命令./configure --prefix=/app/httpd24 --enable-so --with-ssl
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#./configure --prefix=/app/httpd24 --enable-so --with-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... /usr/bin/pcre-config
configure: Using external PCRE library from /usr/bin/pcre-config
setting PCRE_INCLUDES to ""
setting PCRE_LIBS to "-lpcre"
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache httpd...
......
执行make命令，编译二进制文件，这是一个漫长的过程，等待完成即可。接着执行make install安装
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#make install
Making install in srclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/srclib'
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/srclib'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/srclib'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/srclib'
Making install in os
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os'
Making install in unix
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os/unix'
make[3]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os/unix'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os/unix'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os/unix'
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/os'
Making install in server
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/server'
Making install in mpm
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27/server/mpm'
Making install in worker
......
更改系统配置
更改配置文件，永久关闭selinux
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#vim /etc/selinux/config
修改文件SELINUX=permission
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=permission
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
systemctl stop firewalld 暂停防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld 取消防火墙开机自启动
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#systemctl disable firewalld
配置path变量
进入安装目录
[root@centos7 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27]#cd /app/httpd24/
设置变量脚本
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#echo 'export PATH=/app/httpd22/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
检查脚本生成
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#cat /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
export PATH=/app/httpd22/bin:$PATH
运行脚本
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#. /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
查看变量
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#echo $PATH
/app/httpd22/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
启动apache
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#apachectl
检查端口开放情况，80端口开启即为正常
[root@centos7 /app/httpd24]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
在浏览器中输入本机ip，即可进入主机网页
安装流程结束