用python解数独

本文转自:python解数独--世界最难数独2.3秒完成


解数独用的就是深度优先搜索,有几个方面可以优化一下提高速度:

        1.把每个空格的可能的点先列举出来,因为深搜是把遍历的值写入sudoku矩阵再判断,如果不列举可能的值,那就只能用0-9遍历,这样效率会降低,如果空格较少的情况下,先把可能的点列举出来会使速度翻倍;

        2.每次把可能情况最少的点优先尝试写入值判断,这个我在程序里没有加,因为深搜的每个树节点必须是固定的,这样当退栈返回上一结点的时候才能正确返回,而我加了这个判断最优节点功能的代码中,返回的树节点不是固定的,因为随着数独空格中值的填入,矩阵也发生着变化,每个点的优先级也在同时发生着变化,这样逻辑就乱了,但我觉得还是可以加上的,这里也算一个小遗憾,希望感兴趣的大牛加上这个功能,那速度又是一番提升。


代码如下:

import time  
t0=time.time()  
class point:  
    def __init__(self,x,y):  
        self.x=x  
        self.y=y  
        self.available=[]  
        self.value=0  
  
def rowNum(p,sudoku):  
    row=set(sudoku[p.y*9:(p.y+1)*9])  
    row.remove(0)  
    return row #set type  
  
def colNum(p,sudoku):  
    col=[]  
    length=len(sudoku)  
    for i in range(p.x,length,9):  
        col.append(sudoku[i])  
    col=set(col)  
    col.remove(0)  
    return col #set type  
  
def blockNum(p,sudoku):  
    block_x=p.x//3  
    block_y=p.y//3  
    block=[]  
    start=block_y*3*9+block_x*3  
    for i in range(start,start+3):  
        block.append(sudoku[i])  
    for i in range(start+9,start+9+3):  
        block.append(sudoku[i])  
    for i in range(start+9+9,start+9+9+3):  
        block.append(sudoku[i])  
    block=set(block)  
    block.remove(0)  
    return block #set type  
  
def initPoint(sudoku):  
    pointList=[]  
    length=len(sudoku)  
    for i in range(length):  
        if sudoku[i]==0:  
            p=point(i%9,i//9)  
            for j in range(1,10):  
                if j not in rowNum(p,sudoku) and j not in colNum(p,sudoku) and j not in blockNum(p,sudoku):  
                    p.available.append(j)  
            pointList.append(p)  
    return pointList  
  
  
def tryInsert(p,sudoku):  
    availNum=p.available  
    for v in availNum:  
        p.value=v  
        if check(p,sudoku):  
            sudoku[p.y*9+p.x]=p.value  
            if len(pointList)<=0:  
                t1=time.time()  
                useTime=t1-t0  
                showSudoku(sudoku)  
                print('\nuse Time: %f s'%(useTime))  
                exit()  
            p2=pointList.pop()  
            tryInsert(p2,sudoku)  
            sudoku[p2.y*9+p2.x]=0  
            sudoku[p.y*9+p.x]=0  
            p2.value=0  
            pointList.append(p2)  
        else:  
            pass      
  
def check(p,sudoku):  
    if p.value==0:  
        print('not assign value to point p!!')  
        return False  
    if p.value not in rowNum(p,sudoku) and p.value not in colNum(p,sudoku) and p.value not in blockNum(p,sudoku):  
        return True  
    else:  
        return False  
  
def showSudoku(sudoku):  
    for j in range(9):  
        for i in range(9):  
            print('%d '%(sudoku[j*9+i]),end='')  
        print('')     
  
if __name__=='__main__':  
    sudoku=[  
            8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  
            0,0,3,6,0,0,0,0,0,  
            0,7,0,0,9,0,2,0,0,  
            0,5,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,  
            0,0,0,0,4,5,7,0,0,  
            0,0,0,1,0,0,0,3,0,  
            0,0,1,0,0,0,0,6,8,  
            0,0,8,5,0,0,0,1,0,  
            0,9,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,  
            ]  
    pointList=initPoint(sudoku)  
    showSudoku(sudoku)  
    print('\n')  
    p=pointList.pop()  
    tryInsert(p,sudoku)

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