线程的基本操作

线程的基本状态

  1. 新建(New)
  2. 就绪(Runnable)
  3. 运行中
  4. 阻塞(Blocked)
  5. 死亡(Dead)

阻塞的几种场景:

  1. 调用sleep进入休眠状态(可中断)
  2. 通过wait使线程挂起(可中断)
  3. 任务在等待某个输入输出完成(不可中断)
  4. 任务尝试获取某个对象的锁,但是这个锁被其他线程占用中(不可中断)

线程启动start

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("线程1运行");
            }
        });
        thread1.start();

线程终止join

说它是终止线程可能不是很准确,join的含义是:t.join()方法只会使主线程进入等待池并等待t线程执行完毕后才会被唤醒。并不影响同一时刻处在运行状态的其他线程。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1();
        Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2();
        thread1.start();
        //thread1.join();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

class Thread1 extends Thread{
    public void run(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("线程1运行");
    }
}
class Thread2 extends Thread{
    public void run(){
        System.out.println("线程2运行");
    }
}

结果为:

线程2运行
线程1运行

Process finished with exit code 0

如果不注释thread1.join(); 结果为:

线程1运行
线程2运行

Process finished with exit code 0

注意,join后,线程还是可以被中断的
如下:thread1 运行中启动了thread2 并进行join,thread2 运行过程中中断它,是可以中断的。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2();
        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1(thread2);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.interrupt();
        //thread1.join();
        //thread2.start();
    }
}

class Thread1 extends Thread{
    Thread2 thread2;
    Thread1(Thread2 thread2){
        this.thread2 = thread2;
        thread2.start();
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            System.out.println("线程2在线程1中join");
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("join被中断");
        }
        System.out.println("线程1运行");
    }
}
class Thread2 extends Thread{
    public void run(){
        try {
            sleep(5000);
            System.out.println("sleep中断后的任务不会进行");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("sleep被中断");
        }
        System.out.println("线程2运行");
    }
}

线程睡眠sleep

可被中断,不会释放锁

sleep(5000);
Thread.sleep(1000);

线程等待唤醒wait

可被中断,会释放锁

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        W w = new W();
        Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2(w);
        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1(w);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

class Thread1 extends Thread{
    W w;
    Thread1(W w){
        this.w = w;
    }
    public void run(){
        synchronized (w){
            System.out.println("第一步");
            try {
                while(w.change == false) {
                    //注意这里必须是w.wait(),如果只是wait()那么会报错
                    w.wait();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("第三步");
        }
    }
}
class Thread2 extends Thread{
    W w;
    Thread2(W w){
        this.w = w;
    }
    public void run(){
        synchronized (w){
            System.out.println("第二步");
            w.change = true;
            w.notifyAll();
        }
    }
}
class W{
    boolean change = false;
}

线程唤醒notify

//唤醒所有的等待线程,它们会竞争同一个锁
w.notifyAll();
//众多等待的线程中只有一个可以被唤醒
w.notify();

线程中断interrupt

中断线程

//中断线程
thread2.interrupt();
//中断标志
thread2.isInterrupted()

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