暗通道先验与多光谱

最近在研究多光谱相机,正好想到暗通道,就写一点感想。

暗通道是一种统计特性,作者随机选择了5000张户外风景照片,统计后得出结论:

“Most local patches in haze-free outdoor images contain some pixels which have very low intensities in at least one color channel.”

下面来从光谱的角度说这个先验的暗通道特征。

USGS统计了多种物质的光谱辐射特性,在https://landsat.usgs.gov/spectral-characteristics-viewer可以看到,下图中打勾的项目在RGB(400nm~760nm)中必有一个通道的反射率很低,即暗通道,包括草地、叶子、水、金属等:

暗通道先验与多光谱_第1张图片

不符合这种情况的物质就是看上去发白的物质,比如雪、一些矿物:

暗通道先验与多光谱_第2张图片

而大部分的户外照片是不包含它们的,因此暗通道这个就是统计先验等价于:大部分人不喜欢拍白色的东西。这也符合作者说的:

“The low intensities in the dark channel are mainly due to three factors:

a) shadows. e.g., the shadows of cars, buildings and the inside of windows in cityscape images, or the shadows of leaves, trees and rocks in landscape images;

b) colorful objects or surfaces. e.g., any object (for example, green grass/tree/plant, red or yellow flower/leaf, and blue water surface) lacking color in any color channel will result in low values in the dark channel;

c) dark objects or surfaces.”

哈,其实最重要的是人们喜欢彩色,谁喜欢天天对着雪拍照呢?

其实如果知道大部分物质的光谱反射特性,也可以不用去统计户外照片、而直接用暗通道作为先验的知识,来进行一些处理,这应该是做遥感的人能想到的。何凯明在文中也说了,"Our dark channel prior is partially inspired by the well known dark-object subtraction technique widely used in multi-spectral remote sensing systems. In [1], spatially homogeneous haze is removed by subtracting a constant value corresponding to the darkest object in the scene. Here, we generalize this idea and proposed a novel prior for natural image dehazing."。

[1]就是Remote sensing上1988年发表的一篇古老的论文,果然联系上了。哈。

 

另外,原文在推导下面的公式时,隐含的假设是RGB三通道的透过率是相同的:

暗通道先验与多光谱_第3张图片

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