python -m pip install --upgrade pip更新pip报错终极解决方法

1.报错结果

输入下面这句命令：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

报错： 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 331, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 413, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "D:\Python\lib\http\client.py", line 447, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "D:\Python\lib\http\client.py", line 491, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "D:\Python\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "D:\Python\lib\ssl.py", line 1052, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "D:\Python\lib\ssl.py", line 911, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 143, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 318, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 102, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 256, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 209, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 283, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 836, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 673, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 897, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 617, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 48, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 585, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 574, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 465, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 430, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "D:\Python\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 336, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

2.原因分析

下载超时了，找国内镜像。如：

 python -m pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

完美解决。

3.其他国内镜像 

阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/