oracle11g RAC+单实例DataGuard+OGG目标库搭建记录
第一部分 搭建oracle11g RAC
一、安装操作系统
系统一：RHEL5.8（两张网卡，分别配置public IP和private IP；两个磁盘，一个用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件，另一个作为共享磁盘，做ASM磁盘组，存放数据）
系统二：RHEL5.8(两张网卡，分别配置public IP和private IP；一个磁盘用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件)
备注：两个系统都禁用防火墙和SElinux
二、配置环境
1、存储规划
使用ASM+裸设备来存储数据
三个ASM磁盘组：OCR（raw1,raw2,raw3）磁盘组
DATA(raw4,raw5)磁盘组
FLASH(raw6,raw7)磁盘组
配置iscsi
iscsi 服务端配置:rac1
yum -y install scsi-target-utils
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
[root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/tgt/targets.conf
backing-store /dev/sdb
#backing-store /dev/sdc
initiator-address 192.168.200.1/24
查看iscsi,iscsid,tgtd这三个服务状态，如果没有启动就将其start，并使用chkconfig命令设置为开机自启动
chkconfig iscsi --list
chkconfig iscsid --list
chkconfig tgtd --list
service iscsi status
service iscsid status
service tgtd status
service iscsi start
service iscsid start
service tgtd start
chkconfig iscsi on
chkconfig iscsid on
chkconfig tgtd on
tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode target --tid 1 -I ALL --导出共享磁盘设备
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l --导入共享磁盘设备
节点二（rac2）上做如下操作
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
service iscsi start
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l --导入共享磁盘设备
这样两个节点都导入了磁盘到本地（rac1上映射为/dev/sdc,rac2上映射为/dev/sdb）
不过为了能够保证系统重启后，能够自动将共享磁盘映射到本地，需要将上面的命令添加到/etc/rc.local文件中
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode target --tid 1 -I ALL
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
while [ $? -ne 0 ]
do
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
done
这样系统重启后会执行tgtadm和iscsiadm命令，节点一导出共享磁盘设备，RAC两节点导入共享磁盘到本地，并且如果节点二先启动，没有发现共享设备，就会一直执行iscsisdm命令，直到成功。
在节点1上将映射到本地的共享磁盘分区（节点二上使用partprobe /dev/sdb命令），然后在两个节点上分别做成裸设备
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 955 977904 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 956 1910 977920 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 1911 2865 977920 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 2866 40960 39009280 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 2866 7634 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 7635 12403 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc7 12404 17172 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc8 17173 21941 4883440 83 Linux
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
#
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc7", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc8", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"
ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="raw[1-7]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="660"
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb7", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb8", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"
ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="raw[1-7]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="660"
start_udev
生成裸设备用于ASM磁盘
备注：上面方法映射到本地的磁盘设备名称是由内核自动命名的，如果系统在添加磁盘，可能导致原来iscsi映射到本地的磁盘设备名称改变，可使用下面的方法解决（该方法本次实验未使用）
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/55-openiscsi.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM="/etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh %b",SYMLINK+="iscsi/%c/part%n"
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh
#!/bin/sh
# FILE: /etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh
BUS=${1}
HOST=${BUS%%:*}
[ -e /sys/class/iscsi_host ] || exit 1
file="/sys/class/iscsi_host/host${HOST}/device/session*/iscsi_session*/targetname"
target_name=$(cat ${file})
# This is not an open-scsi drive
if [ -z "${target_name}" ]; then
exit 1
fi
echo "${target_name##*.}"
[root@rac1 ~]# ls /dev/iscsi/storage/
part part1 part2 part3 part4 part5 part6 part7 part8
生成的part1-8设备可以做成ASM磁盘，然后实验grid创建ASM磁盘组
2、网络规划
（1）每个节点上有一个public IP，private IP和virtual IP,另外配置三个scan IP（使用DNS解析对应同一个主机名）用于客户端访问
node1 public IP:192.168.200.11
private IP:10.0.0.1
virtual IP:192.168.200.101
node2 public IP:192.168.200.12
private IP:10.0.0.2
virtual IP:192.168.200.102
scan IP: 192.168.200.111
192.168.200.112
192.168.200.113
（2）配置DNS服务器（选择node1节点）
yum -y install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver
cp -p /var/named/chroot/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
sed -i 's/127\.0\.0\.1/any/' /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
sed -i 's/localhost/any/' /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
#zone "." IN {
# type hint;
# file "named.ca";
#};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "/dev/null";
};
zone "alvin.com" IN {
type master;
file "alvin.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "200.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "200.168.192.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
cp -p /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.zero /var/named/chroot/var/named/alvin.com.zone
cp -p /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.local /var/named/chroot/var/named/200.168.192.local
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/alvin.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.alvin.com. root.alvin.com. (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
@ IN NS dns.alvin.com.
rac1 IN A 192.168.200.11
rac2 IN A 192.168.200.12
scan IN A 192.168.200.111
scan IN A 192.168.200.112
scan IN A 192.168.200.113
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/200.168.192.local
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.alvin.com. root.alvin.com. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
@ IN NS dns.alvin.com.
11 IN PTR rac1.alvin.com.
12 IN PTR rac2.alvin.com.
111 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
112 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
113 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
重新启动DNS服务器
service named restart
chkconfig named on
配置解析文件（两个节点上都要配置）
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search alvin.com
nameserver 192.168.200.11
最后使用nslookup在两个节点上进行正反向解析测试
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup scan.alvin.com
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.113
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.111
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.112
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.111
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
111.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.112
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
112.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.113
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
113.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
（3）配置/etc/hosts文件
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.200.11 rac1.alvin.com rac1
192.168.200.12 rac2.alvin.com rac2
# Private Interconnect (eth0:0)
10.0.0.1 rac1-priv.alvin.com rac1-priv
10.0.0.2 rac2-priv.alvin.com rac2-priv
# Public Virtual IP
192.168.200.101 rac1-vip.alvin.com rac1-vip
192.168.200.102 rac2-vip.alvin.com rac2-vip
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.200.11 rac1.alvin.com rac1
192.168.200.12 rac2.alvin.com rac2
# Private Interconnect (eth0:0)
10.0.0.1 rac1-priv.alvin.com rac1-priv
10.0.0.2 rac2-priv.alvin.com rac2-priv
# Public Virtual IP
192.168.200.101 rac1-vip.alvin.com rac1-vip
192.168.200.102 rac2-vip.alvin.com rac2-vip
3、创建用户，目录以及修改系统文件（分别在两个节点上执行以下脚本）
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat preusers.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper', plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid'.
#Also setting the Environment
#variable for oracle user.
#variable for grid user.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh
echo "Now create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper'"
echo "Plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid',Also setting the Environment"
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1">> /home/grid/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2
echo "export ORACLE_SID=eisoo1">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_SID=eisoo2
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=eisoo">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "The Groups and users has been created"
echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat predir.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Createthenecessarydirectoryfororacle,gridusersandchange the authention to oracle,grid users.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh
echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users..."
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0
chmod -R 775 /u01
echo "The necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users has been finished"
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat prelimits.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat prelogin.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat preprofile.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/profile,but with a backup named /etc/profile.bak"
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'else' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat presysctl.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."
echo "Now make the changes take effect....."
sysctl -p
4、停止ntp服务器（也可以参照网络上进行配置）
[root@rac1 ~]# service ntpd status
ntpd is stopped
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd off
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/ntp
ntp/ ntp.conf
[root@rac1 ~]# cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
[root@rac1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/ntp.conf
三、安装前预检查
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup -verbose
仔细检查每一个failed项，一一进行修正
四、开始安装grid软件
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
图像界面安装，由于没有截图，此处我就不做详细步骤展示，只做几点说明：
1、oracle11g RAC安装可以在grid安装图形过程中配置grid用户的SSH信任关系（oracle用户信任关系在安装数据库软件时可以配置）
在Cluster Node Information界面时，添加第二个节点信息后，点击SSH Connectivity...按钮，输入grid用户密码（两节点grid密码相同），点击setup即可自动配置。
2、Create ASM Disk Group界面时创建一个磁盘组ORC，用于表决磁盘
3、安装最后执行脚本时，要按提示逐个执行
五、安装oracle数据库软件
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
六、创建ASM磁盘组
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmca
七、创建RAC数据库
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca
至此，RAC环境搭建完成！
第二部分 搭建DATAGUARD物理备库服务器
一、安装操作系统
系统：RHEL5.8（一张网；两个磁盘，一个用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件，另一个做ASM磁盘组，存放数据）
二、环境设置
1、参照RAC环境设置
注意：存储直接使用本地磁盘/dev/asb做成裸设备，然后添加到ASM磁盘组
创建用户的脚本做相应修改（ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_UNQNAME,ORACLE_HOSTNAME）
2、安装grid软件
注意：在Installation Option界面选择“Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server”
3、安装oracle软件（只安装软件不需要创建数据库）
第三部分 RAC主库配置单实例Active Dataguard
一、RAC主库准备工作
1、RAC主库配置为归档模式（默认归档路径放置在闪回区）
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d eisoo
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d eisoo -o mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d eisoo
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d eisoo
SQL> select log_mode from gv$database;
2、RAC主库置为Force logging模式
SQL> alter database force logging; --只需要在数据库open状态在任一节点上执行
SQL> select force_logging from gv$database;
3、RAC主库执行全库备份
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup database format '/rman_backup/Full_%U.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
backup archivelog all format '/rman_backup/ARC_%U.bak';
4、RAC主库执行创建物理备库控制文件
backup device type disk format '/rman_backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile for standby;
5、RAC主库创建物理备库初始化参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/rman_backup/initphydb.ora' from spfile;
6、RAC主库修改口令文件，使双节点SYS用户口令一致
7、RAC主库配置tnsnames.ora文件
EISOO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.alvin.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
)
)
EISOO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.12)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo2)
)
)
EISOO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo1)
)
)
PHYDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.20)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)
)
)
8、将所有备份文件传到物理备库上
scp /rman_backup/* 192.168.200.20:/rman_backup/ --使用oracle用户
二、物理备库准备工作
1、物理备库口令文件
从RAC主库任一节点上拷贝
2、物理备库pfile文件
[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat ~/initphydb.ora
phydb.__db_cache_size=289406976
phydb.__java_pool_size=4194304
phydb.__large_pool_size=8388608
phydb.__pga_aggregate_target=339738624
phydb.__sga_target=503316480
phydb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
phydb.__shared_pool_size=192937984
phydb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/phydb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA' --指定磁盘组，具体路径由ASM管理，恢复控制文件后，修改该参数指向控制文件，然后创建spfile文件
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/eisoo/','+DATA/phydb/'
*.db_name='eisoo'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FLASH'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.db_unique_name='phydb'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=phydbXDB)'
*.fal_client='phydb'
*.fal_server='eisoo1','eisoo2'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(phydb,eisoo)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=phydb'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=eisoo1
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=eisoo'
*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/eisoo/','+DATA/phydb/'
*.memory_target=842006528
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.service_names='phydb'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.thread=1
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
2、物理备库配置tnsnames.ora文件
EISOO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.alvin.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
)
)
EISOO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.12)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo2)
)
)
EISOO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo1)
)
)
PHYDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.20)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)
)
)
三、创建物理备库
1、创建spfile文件
SQL> create spfile='+DATA/PHYDB/PARAMETERFILE/spfilephydb.ora' from pfile='/home/oracle/initphydb.ora';
[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat initphydb.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/PHYDB/PARAMETERFILE/spfilephydb.ora'
2、启动物理备库到nomount状态，恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rman_backup/standby_07r7kjhh_1_1.ctl';
3、启动物理备库到mount，恢复数据文件
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
restore database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
4、备库上创建standby logfile
select * from v$standby_log;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;
四、RAC主库参数修改
主库参数调整：
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=phydb lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=phydb' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(eisoo,phydb)' sid='*';
五、备库接受、应用日志
备库接收日志：
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log; --如果没有接受到日志，查看主库以及备库监听文件，密码文件是否正确配置
备库开始应用日志：
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log;
备库以read only打开数据库
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open; --read only方式打开
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; --启动实时恢复
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log;
至此，RAC主库配置单实例Active Dataguard完成！
可以做相应测试：在RAC主库上创建、删除表空间，表等，查看物理备库是否同步。
第四部分 主备库切换（DATAGUARD SWITCHOVER）
1、主库修改相关参数fal_client、fal_server
show parameter fal
alter system set fal_client='eisoo1' sid='eisoo1';
alter system set fal_client='eisoo2' sid='eisoo2';
alter system set fal_server='phydb' sid='*';
2、主库创建stanby logfile
select * from v$standby_log;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;
3、主库修改相关参数 standby_file_management、db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/eisoo/' sid='*' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/eisoo/' sid='*' scope=spfile;
4、停止RAC节点2（节点2上如下操作）
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
shutdown immediate;
5、RAC节点1切换原RAC主库到备库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to standby
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
6、切换原物理备库到主库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to primary
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
alter database open;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
7、将原RAC主库2个实例都启动到MOUNT状态
使用grid用户执行
srvctl start database -d eisoo -o mount
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
8、原RAC主库启动redoapply
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
9、原RAC主库停止redoapply，并将RAC主库所有节点以READ ONLY打开
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
alter database open;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
select inst_id,dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
第五部分 单实例主库，RAC备库角色切换
① 新主库（单实例库）状态查看
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
② 新备库（RAC 库）状态查看：
select inst_id,dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
③ 新备库（RAC 库）停止节点2
shutdown immediate;
④ 新主库（单实例库）切换到备库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to standby
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
⑤ 新备库（RAC 库）节点1 切换到主库
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to primary
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
⑥ 新主库(RAC 库)全部启动所有节点
srvctl stop database -d eisoo
srvctl start database -d eisoo
⑦ 新备库（单实例库）重新启动并开始redoapply
startup
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
至此，完成一次角色切换，即将新的备库（RAC 库）切换成主库，新的备库（单实例库）又重新切换为物理备库，回到最初的状态！！！
第六部分 RAC主库配置OGG目标库
磁盘规划：OGG安装在ACFS文件系统上，所有RAC节点共享。
添加一个共享磁盘，做三个大小为2G的分区，做成ASM磁盘组，然后做成ACFS文件系统，用于安装OGG
一、创建ASM磁盘组
SQL> create diskgroup ogg external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw8','/dev/raw/raw9','/dev/raw/raw10';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG MOUNTED
节点2上手动挂载OGG磁盘组
[grid@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Oct 9 15:29:40 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG DISMOUNTED
SQL> alter diskgroup OGG mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG MOUNTED
二、使用命令创建ACFS:
1、创建OGG挂载目录（2个RAC节点上）
mkdir -p /home/oracle/ogg
chown -R oracle:asmadmin /home/oracle/ogg
2、以grid身份或者oracle身份使用运行asmcmd程序创建volume:
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15221: ASM operation requires compatible.asm of 11.2.0.0.0 or higher (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> exit
[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Oct 9 15:55:32 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> alter diskgroup OGG set attribute 'COMPATIBLE.ASM'='11.2';
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
如果出现下面报错：
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15477: cannot communicate with the volume driver (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
解决：所有节点手动加载ASM volume driver
[root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/acfsload start -s
[root@node2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/acfsload start -s
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ASMCMD> volinfo -G ogg vol01
Diskgroup Name: OGG
Volume Name: VOL01
Volume Device: /dev/asm/vol01-31
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 5120
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: UNPROT
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage:
Mountpath:
查看验证（节点1和节点2上都会生成对应设备）：
SQL> select volume_name,volume_device,size_mb from v$asm_volume;
VOLUME_NAME VOLUME_DEVICE SIZE_MB
-------------------- -------------------- ----------
VOL01 /dev/asm/vol01-31 5120
[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm/
total 0
brwxrwx--- 1 root asmadmin 252, 15873 Oct 9 15:55 vol01-31
格式化vol01:
[root@rac1 ~]# mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/vol01-31
mkfs.acfs: version = 11.2.0.4.0
mkfs.acfs: on-disk version = 39.0
mkfs.acfs: volume = /dev/asm/vol01-31
mkfs.acfs: volume size = 5368709120
mkfs.acfs: Format complete.
注册ACFS文件系统，相当于定义挂载点：
[root@rac1 ~]# acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/vol01-31 /home/oracle/ogg
acfsutil registry: mount point /ogg successfully added to Oracle Registry
挂载ACFS文件系统:
[root@rac1 ~]# mount -t acfs /dev/asm/vol01-31 /home/oracle/ogg
[root@rac1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 35G 20G 14G 60% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 1005M 590M 415M 59% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /media/yum
.host:/ 170G 25G 146G 15% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/asm/vol01-31 5.0G 87M 5.0G 2% /home/oracle/ogg
这是一个集群文件系统，节点2上也应该自动挂载
[root@rac2 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 35G 13G 21G 39% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 1005M 433M 572M 44% /dev/shm
/dev/asm/vol01-31 5.0G 87M 5.0G 2% /home/oracle/ogg
三、安装OGG
1、在节点一上安装OGG
mkdir /home/oracle/ogg/
tar -xvf /tmp/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar -C /home/oracle/ogg
[oracle@rac1 ogg]$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.2.1.0.1 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.1_PLATFORMS_120423.0230_FBO
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Apr 23 2012 08:32:14
Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (rac1) 1>
GGSCI (rac1) 1> create subdirs
Creating subdirectories under current directory /home/oracle/ogg
Parameter files /home/oracle/ogg/dirprm: already exists
Report files /home/oracle/ogg/dirrpt: created
Checkpoint files /home/oracle/ogg/dirchk: created
Process status files /home/oracle/ogg/dirpcs: created
SQL script files /home/oracle/ogg/dirsql: created
Database definitions files /home/oracle/ogg/dirdef: created
Extract data files /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat: created
Temporary files /home/oracle/ogg/dirtmp: created
Stdout files /home/oracle/ogg/dirout: created
节点二测试：
[oracle@rac2 ogg]$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.2.1.0.1 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.1_PLATFORMS_120423.0230_FBO
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Apr 23 2012 08:32:14
Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (rac2) 1>
2、目标端安装OGG
过程略.....
3、配置源端RAC数据库
（1）必须开启归档
（2）开启最小附加日志（节点一上执行）
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
Database altered.
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;
SUPPLEME
--------
YES
（3）For Oracle DB versions 11.2.0.4 and 12.1.0.2 there will be a new init.ora parameter called ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION. In order for some of the Oracle GoldenGate functionality to work, this parameter must be set to true.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION = TRUE SCOPE=BOTH;
注：不设置该参数会导致产生下面的报错：
2016-10-11 10:15:57 ERROR OGG-00446 Opening ASM file +FLASH/eisoo/archivelog/2016_10_10/thread_1_seq_101.305.924887813 in DBLOGREADER mode: (26947) ORA-26947: Oracle GoldenGate replication is not enabled.
（4）源端数据库创建GoldenGate数据库用户并授权
grant connect,
resource,
unlimited tablespace,
select any dictionary,
select any table,
alter any table,
flashback any table
to ggs
identified by ggs;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;
grant execute on utl_file to ggs;
grant insert any table,
update any table,
delete any table
to ggs;
grant select any transaction to ggs; --针对抽取进程使用DBLOGREADER参数访问ASM磁盘组，用户需要添加该权限
（5）创建测试用表
create table fst.t1 as select * from scott.emp;
alter table fst.t1 add constraint pk_t1_empno primary key (empno);
exp fst/fst tables=e01 file=t1.dmp
imp fst/fts@25 full=y file=t1.dmp --25是到目标库的TNS
（6）添加表级transdata
GGSCI (rac1) 1> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (rac1) 2> add trandata fst.t1
Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table FST.T1.
GGSCI (rac1) 27> info trandata fst.t1
Logging of supplemental redo log data is enabled for table FST.T1.
Columns supplementally logged for table FST.T1: EMPNO.
4、配置源端进程组
GGSCI (rac1) 4> edit param mgr
port 7788
userid ggs,password ggs
autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5
GGSCI (rac1) 8> add extract extnd,tranlog,begin now,threads 2 --threads 2-----针对RAC模式的必选，代表是2个节点的双实例
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (rac1) 9> ADD EXTTRAIL /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et, EXTRACT EXT1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (rac1) 10> edit params ext1
extract ext1
userid ggs@eisoo,password ggs
rmthost 192.168.200.25,mgrport 7788
exttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et
setenv(NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
--dynamicresolution
tranlogoptions dblogreader --OGG11g提供一个新的参数：DBLOGREADER,用于抽取进程访问ASM磁盘组
table fst.t1;
GGSCI (rac1) 11> add extract pump1,exttrailsource /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et , begin now
GGSCI (rac1) 12> add rmttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1 ,extract pump1
RMTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (rac1) 13> edit params pump1
EXTRACT pump1
USERID fst, PASSWORD fst
RMTHOST 192.168.200.25, MGRPORT 7788
RMTTRAIL /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1
TABLE fst.t1;
5、配置目标数据库
grant connect,
resource,
unlimited tablespace,
select any dictionary,
select any table,
alter any table,
flashback any table
to ggs
identified by ggs;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;
grant execute on utl_file to ggs;
grant insert any table,
update any table,
delete any table
to ggs;
GGSCI (ogg) 4> edit params GLOBALS
checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
GGSCI (ogg) 5> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (ogg) 6> add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table ggs.checkpoint.
6、 配置目标端进程组
GGSCI (ogg) 8> edit params mgr
port 7788
userid ggs,password ggs
autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5
GGSCI (ogg) 15> start mgr
Manager started.
GGSCI (ogg) 16> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT STOPPED REPND 00:00:00 00:01:56
GGSCI (ogg) 9> add replicat rep1,exttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1 , nodbcheckpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (ogg) 10> edit params rep1
replicat rep1
userid ggs,password ggs
assumetargetdefs
discardfile /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/rep1.dsc,append
MAP fst.t1, TARGET fst.t1;
所有需要的参数文件都配置完成，按照顺序启动各个进程:
1.启动源端的管理进程
start mgr
2.启动目标端的管理进程
start mgr
3.启动目标端的复制进程
start rep1
4.启动源端的抽取进程
start ext1
5.启动源端的投递进程
start pump1
测试OGG：
在RAC源数据库更新数据
SQL> update fst.t1 set ename='shark' where empno=7788;
目标库上查看：
SQL> select * from fst.t1 where empno=7788;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 shark ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
同步成功！
一、安装操作系统
系统一：RHEL5.8（两张网卡，分别配置public IP和private IP；两个磁盘，一个用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件，另一个作为共享磁盘，做ASM磁盘组，存放数据）
系统二：RHEL5.8(两张网卡，分别配置public IP和private IP；一个磁盘用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件)
备注：两个系统都禁用防火墙和SElinux
二、配置环境
1、存储规划
使用ASM+裸设备来存储数据
三个ASM磁盘组：OCR（raw1,raw2,raw3）磁盘组
DATA(raw4,raw5)磁盘组
FLASH(raw6,raw7)磁盘组
配置iscsi
iscsi 服务端配置:rac1
yum -y install scsi-target-utils
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
[root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/tgt/targets.conf
backing-store /dev/sdb
#backing-store /dev/sdc
initiator-address 192.168.200.1/24
查看iscsi,iscsid,tgtd这三个服务状态，如果没有启动就将其start，并使用chkconfig命令设置为开机自启动
chkconfig iscsi --list
chkconfig iscsid --list
chkconfig tgtd --list
service iscsi status
service iscsid status
service tgtd status
service iscsi start
service iscsid start
service tgtd start
chkconfig iscsi on
chkconfig iscsid on
chkconfig tgtd on
tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode target --tid 1 -I ALL --导出共享磁盘设备
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l --导入共享磁盘设备
节点二（rac2）上做如下操作
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
service iscsi start
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l --导入共享磁盘设备
这样两个节点都导入了磁盘到本地（rac1上映射为/dev/sdc,rac2上映射为/dev/sdb）
不过为了能够保证系统重启后，能够自动将共享磁盘映射到本地，需要将上面的命令添加到/etc/rc.local文件中
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode target --tid 1 -I ALL
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
while [ $? -ne 0 ]
do
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.200.11 -l
done
这样系统重启后会执行tgtadm和iscsiadm命令，节点一导出共享磁盘设备，RAC两节点导入共享磁盘到本地，并且如果节点二先启动，没有发现共享设备，就会一直执行iscsisdm命令，直到成功。
在节点1上将映射到本地的共享磁盘分区（节点二上使用partprobe /dev/sdb命令），然后在两个节点上分别做成裸设备
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 955 977904 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 956 1910 977920 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 1911 2865 977920 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 2866 40960 39009280 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 2866 7634 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 7635 12403 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc7 12404 17172 4883440 83 Linux
/dev/sdc8 17173 21941 4883440 83 Linux
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
#
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc7", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc8", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"
ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="raw[1-7]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="660"
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb7", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb8", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"
ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="raw[1-7]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="660"
start_udev
生成裸设备用于ASM磁盘
备注：上面方法映射到本地的磁盘设备名称是由内核自动命名的，如果系统在添加磁盘，可能导致原来iscsi映射到本地的磁盘设备名称改变，可使用下面的方法解决（该方法本次实验未使用）
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/55-openiscsi.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM="/etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh %b",SYMLINK+="iscsi/%c/part%n"
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh
#!/bin/sh
# FILE: /etc/udev/scripts/iscsidev.sh
BUS=${1}
HOST=${BUS%%:*}
[ -e /sys/class/iscsi_host ] || exit 1
file="/sys/class/iscsi_host/host${HOST}/device/session*/iscsi_session*/targetname"
target_name=$(cat ${file})
# This is not an open-scsi drive
if [ -z "${target_name}" ]; then
exit 1
fi
echo "${target_name##*.}"
[root@rac1 ~]# ls /dev/iscsi/storage/
part part1 part2 part3 part4 part5 part6 part7 part8
生成的part1-8设备可以做成ASM磁盘，然后实验grid创建ASM磁盘组
2、网络规划
（1）每个节点上有一个public IP，private IP和virtual IP,另外配置三个scan IP（使用DNS解析对应同一个主机名）用于客户端访问
node1 public IP:192.168.200.11
private IP:10.0.0.1
virtual IP:192.168.200.101
node2 public IP:192.168.200.12
private IP:10.0.0.2
virtual IP:192.168.200.102
scan IP: 192.168.200.111
192.168.200.112
192.168.200.113
（2）配置DNS服务器（选择node1节点）
yum -y install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver
cp -p /var/named/chroot/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
sed -i 's/127\.0\.0\.1/any/' /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
sed -i 's/localhost/any/' /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
#zone "." IN {
# type hint;
# file "named.ca";
#};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "/dev/null";
};
zone "alvin.com" IN {
type master;
file "alvin.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "200.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "200.168.192.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
cp -p /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.zero /var/named/chroot/var/named/alvin.com.zone
cp -p /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.local /var/named/chroot/var/named/200.168.192.local
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/alvin.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.alvin.com. root.alvin.com. (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
@ IN NS dns.alvin.com.
rac1 IN A 192.168.200.11
rac2 IN A 192.168.200.12
scan IN A 192.168.200.111
scan IN A 192.168.200.112
scan IN A 192.168.200.113
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/200.168.192.local
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.alvin.com. root.alvin.com. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
@ IN NS dns.alvin.com.
11 IN PTR rac1.alvin.com.
12 IN PTR rac2.alvin.com.
111 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
112 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
113 IN PTR scan.alvin.com.
重新启动DNS服务器
service named restart
chkconfig named on
配置解析文件（两个节点上都要配置）
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search alvin.com
nameserver 192.168.200.11
最后使用nslookup在两个节点上进行正反向解析测试
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup scan.alvin.com
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.113
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.111
Name: scan.alvin.com
Address: 192.168.200.112
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.111
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
111.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.112
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
112.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.200.113
Server: 192.168.200.11
Address: 192.168.200.11#53
113.200.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan.alvin.com.
（3）配置/etc/hosts文件
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.200.11 rac1.alvin.com rac1
192.168.200.12 rac2.alvin.com rac2
# Private Interconnect (eth0:0)
10.0.0.1 rac1-priv.alvin.com rac1-priv
10.0.0.2 rac2-priv.alvin.com rac2-priv
# Public Virtual IP
192.168.200.101 rac1-vip.alvin.com rac1-vip
192.168.200.102 rac2-vip.alvin.com rac2-vip
[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.200.11 rac1.alvin.com rac1
192.168.200.12 rac2.alvin.com rac2
# Private Interconnect (eth0:0)
10.0.0.1 rac1-priv.alvin.com rac1-priv
10.0.0.2 rac2-priv.alvin.com rac2-priv
# Public Virtual IP
192.168.200.101 rac1-vip.alvin.com rac1-vip
192.168.200.102 rac2-vip.alvin.com rac2-vip
3、创建用户，目录以及修改系统文件（分别在两个节点上执行以下脚本）
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat preusers.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper', plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid'.
#Also setting the Environment
#variable for oracle user.
#variable for grid user.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh
echo "Now create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper'"
echo "Plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid',Also setting the Environment"
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1">> /home/grid/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/grid/.bash_profile
echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac2
echo "export ORACLE_SID=eisoo1">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile --节点二上为ORACLE_SID=eisoo2
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=eisoo">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "The Groups and users has been created"
echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat predir.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Createthenecessarydirectoryfororacle,gridusersandchange the authention to oracle,grid users.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh
echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users..."
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0
chmod -R 775 /u01
echo "The necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users has been finished"
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat prelimits.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat prelogin.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat preprofile.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/profile,but with a backup named /etc/profile.bak"
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'else' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."
[root@rac1 scripts]# cat presysctl.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh
echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."
echo "Now make the changes take effect....."
sysctl -p
4、停止ntp服务器（也可以参照网络上进行配置）
[root@rac1 ~]# service ntpd status
ntpd is stopped
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd off
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/ntp
ntp/ ntp.conf
[root@rac1 ~]# cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
[root@rac1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/ntp.conf
三、安装前预检查
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup -verbose
仔细检查每一个failed项，一一进行修正
四、开始安装grid软件
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
图像界面安装，由于没有截图，此处我就不做详细步骤展示，只做几点说明：
1、oracle11g RAC安装可以在grid安装图形过程中配置grid用户的SSH信任关系（oracle用户信任关系在安装数据库软件时可以配置）
在Cluster Node Information界面时，添加第二个节点信息后，点击SSH Connectivity...按钮，输入grid用户密码（两节点grid密码相同），点击setup即可自动配置。
2、Create ASM Disk Group界面时创建一个磁盘组ORC，用于表决磁盘
3、安装最后执行脚本时，要按提示逐个执行
五、安装oracle数据库软件
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
六、创建ASM磁盘组
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmca
七、创建RAC数据库
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca
至此，RAC环境搭建完成！
第二部分 搭建DATAGUARD物理备库服务器
一、安装操作系统
系统：RHEL5.8（一张网；两个磁盘，一个用于安装系统本身以及grid和oracle软件，另一个做ASM磁盘组，存放数据）
二、环境设置
1、参照RAC环境设置
注意：存储直接使用本地磁盘/dev/asb做成裸设备，然后添加到ASM磁盘组
创建用户的脚本做相应修改（ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_UNQNAME,ORACLE_HOSTNAME）
2、安装grid软件
注意：在Installation Option界面选择“Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server”
3、安装oracle软件（只安装软件不需要创建数据库）
第三部分 RAC主库配置单实例Active Dataguard
一、RAC主库准备工作
1、RAC主库配置为归档模式（默认归档路径放置在闪回区）
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d eisoo
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d eisoo -o mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d eisoo
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d eisoo
SQL> select log_mode from gv$database;
2、RAC主库置为Force logging模式
SQL> alter database force logging; --只需要在数据库open状态在任一节点上执行
SQL> select force_logging from gv$database;
3、RAC主库执行全库备份
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup database format '/rman_backup/Full_%U.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
backup archivelog all format '/rman_backup/ARC_%U.bak';
4、RAC主库执行创建物理备库控制文件
backup device type disk format '/rman_backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile for standby;
5、RAC主库创建物理备库初始化参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/rman_backup/initphydb.ora' from spfile;
6、RAC主库修改口令文件，使双节点SYS用户口令一致
7、RAC主库配置tnsnames.ora文件
EISOO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.alvin.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
)
)
EISOO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.12)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo2)
)
)
EISOO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo1)
)
)
PHYDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.20)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)
)
)
8、将所有备份文件传到物理备库上
scp /rman_backup/* 192.168.200.20:/rman_backup/ --使用oracle用户
二、物理备库准备工作
1、物理备库口令文件
从RAC主库任一节点上拷贝
2、物理备库pfile文件
[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat ~/initphydb.ora
phydb.__db_cache_size=289406976
phydb.__java_pool_size=4194304
phydb.__large_pool_size=8388608
phydb.__pga_aggregate_target=339738624
phydb.__sga_target=503316480
phydb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
phydb.__shared_pool_size=192937984
phydb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/phydb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA' --指定磁盘组，具体路径由ASM管理，恢复控制文件后，修改该参数指向控制文件，然后创建spfile文件
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/eisoo/','+DATA/phydb/'
*.db_name='eisoo'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FLASH'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.db_unique_name='phydb'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=phydbXDB)'
*.fal_client='phydb'
*.fal_server='eisoo1','eisoo2'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(phydb,eisoo)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=phydb'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=eisoo1
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=eisoo'
*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/eisoo/','+DATA/phydb/'
*.memory_target=842006528
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.service_names='phydb'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.thread=1
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
2、物理备库配置tnsnames.ora文件
EISOO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.alvin.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
)
)
EISOO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.12)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo2)
)
)
EISOO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = eisoo)
(INSTANCE_NAME = eisoo1)
)
)
PHYDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.200.20)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = phydb)
)
)
三、创建物理备库
1、创建spfile文件
SQL> create spfile='+DATA/PHYDB/PARAMETERFILE/spfilephydb.ora' from pfile='/home/oracle/initphydb.ora';
[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat initphydb.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/PHYDB/PARAMETERFILE/spfilephydb.ora'
2、启动物理备库到nomount状态，恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rman_backup/standby_07r7kjhh_1_1.ctl';
3、启动物理备库到mount，恢复数据文件
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
restore database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
4、备库上创建standby logfile
select * from v$standby_log;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;
四、RAC主库参数修改
主库参数调整：
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=phydb lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=phydb' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(eisoo,phydb)' sid='*';
五、备库接受、应用日志
备库接收日志：
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log; --如果没有接受到日志，查看主库以及备库监听文件，密码文件是否正确配置
备库开始应用日志：
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log;
备库以read only打开数据库
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open; --read only方式打开
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; --启动实时恢复
select dbid,name,switchover_status,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,current_scn from v$database;
select sequence#,name, applied from v$archived_log;
至此，RAC主库配置单实例Active Dataguard完成！
可以做相应测试：在RAC主库上创建、删除表空间，表等，查看物理备库是否同步。
第四部分 主备库切换（DATAGUARD SWITCHOVER）
1、主库修改相关参数fal_client、fal_server
show parameter fal
alter system set fal_client='eisoo1' sid='eisoo1';
alter system set fal_client='eisoo2' sid='eisoo2';
alter system set fal_server='phydb' sid='*';
2、主库创建stanby logfile
select * from v$standby_log;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m,group 6 size 50m,group 7 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m,group 9 size 50m,group 10 size 50m;
3、主库修改相关参数 standby_file_management、db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/eisoo/' sid='*' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/phydb/','+DATA/eisoo/' sid='*' scope=spfile;
4、停止RAC节点2（节点2上如下操作）
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
shutdown immediate;
5、RAC节点1切换原RAC主库到备库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to standby
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
6、切换原物理备库到主库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to primary
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
alter database open;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
7、将原RAC主库2个实例都启动到MOUNT状态
使用grid用户执行
srvctl start database -d eisoo -o mount
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
8、原RAC主库启动redoapply
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
9、原RAC主库停止redoapply，并将RAC主库所有节点以READ ONLY打开
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
alter database open;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
select inst_id,dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
第五部分 单实例主库，RAC备库角色切换
① 新主库（单实例库）状态查看
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
② 新备库（RAC 库）状态查看：
select inst_id,dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database;
③ 新备库（RAC 库）停止节点2
shutdown immediate;
④ 新主库（单实例库）切换到备库
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to standby
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
⑤ 新备库（RAC 库）节点1 切换到主库
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; --此时switchover_status的值为to primary
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
⑥ 新主库(RAC 库)全部启动所有节点
srvctl stop database -d eisoo
srvctl start database -d eisoo
⑦ 新备库（单实例库）重新启动并开始redoapply
startup
select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
至此，完成一次角色切换，即将新的备库（RAC 库）切换成主库，新的备库（单实例库）又重新切换为物理备库，回到最初的状态！！！
第六部分 RAC主库配置OGG目标库
磁盘规划：OGG安装在ACFS文件系统上，所有RAC节点共享。
添加一个共享磁盘，做三个大小为2G的分区，做成ASM磁盘组，然后做成ACFS文件系统，用于安装OGG
一、创建ASM磁盘组
SQL> create diskgroup ogg external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw8','/dev/raw/raw9','/dev/raw/raw10';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG MOUNTED
节点2上手动挂载OGG磁盘组
[grid@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Oct 9 15:29:40 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG DISMOUNTED
SQL> alter diskgroup OGG mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
DATA MOUNTED
FLASH MOUNTED
OCR MOUNTED
OGG MOUNTED
二、使用命令创建ACFS:
1、创建OGG挂载目录（2个RAC节点上）
mkdir -p /home/oracle/ogg
chown -R oracle:asmadmin /home/oracle/ogg
2、以grid身份或者oracle身份使用运行asmcmd程序创建volume:
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15221: ASM operation requires compatible.asm of 11.2.0.0.0 or higher (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> exit
[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Oct 9 15:55:32 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> alter diskgroup OGG set attribute 'COMPATIBLE.ASM'='11.2';
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
如果出现下面报错：
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15477: cannot communicate with the volume driver (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
解决：所有节点手动加载ASM volume driver
[root@node1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/acfsload start -s
[root@node2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/acfsload start -s
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> volcreate -G OGG -s 5G vol01
ASMCMD> volinfo -G ogg vol01
Diskgroup Name: OGG
Volume Name: VOL01
Volume Device: /dev/asm/vol01-31
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 5120
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: UNPROT
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage:
Mountpath:
查看验证（节点1和节点2上都会生成对应设备）：
SQL> select volume_name,volume_device,size_mb from v$asm_volume;
VOLUME_NAME VOLUME_DEVICE SIZE_MB
-------------------- -------------------- ----------
VOL01 /dev/asm/vol01-31 5120
[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm/
total 0
brwxrwx--- 1 root asmadmin 252, 15873 Oct 9 15:55 vol01-31
格式化vol01:
[root@rac1 ~]# mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/vol01-31
mkfs.acfs: version = 11.2.0.4.0
mkfs.acfs: on-disk version = 39.0
mkfs.acfs: volume = /dev/asm/vol01-31
mkfs.acfs: volume size = 5368709120
mkfs.acfs: Format complete.
注册ACFS文件系统，相当于定义挂载点：
[root@rac1 ~]# acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/vol01-31 /home/oracle/ogg
acfsutil registry: mount point /ogg successfully added to Oracle Registry
挂载ACFS文件系统:
[root@rac1 ~]# mount -t acfs /dev/asm/vol01-31 /home/oracle/ogg
[root@rac1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 35G 20G 14G 60% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 1005M 590M 415M 59% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /media/yum
.host:/ 170G 25G 146G 15% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/asm/vol01-31 5.0G 87M 5.0G 2% /home/oracle/ogg
这是一个集群文件系统，节点2上也应该自动挂载
[root@rac2 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 35G 13G 21G 39% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 1005M 433M 572M 44% /dev/shm
/dev/asm/vol01-31 5.0G 87M 5.0G 2% /home/oracle/ogg
三、安装OGG
1、在节点一上安装OGG
mkdir /home/oracle/ogg/
tar -xvf /tmp/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar -C /home/oracle/ogg
[oracle@rac1 ogg]$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.2.1.0.1 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.1_PLATFORMS_120423.0230_FBO
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Apr 23 2012 08:32:14
Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (rac1) 1>
GGSCI (rac1) 1> create subdirs
Creating subdirectories under current directory /home/oracle/ogg
Parameter files /home/oracle/ogg/dirprm: already exists
Report files /home/oracle/ogg/dirrpt: created
Checkpoint files /home/oracle/ogg/dirchk: created
Process status files /home/oracle/ogg/dirpcs: created
SQL script files /home/oracle/ogg/dirsql: created
Database definitions files /home/oracle/ogg/dirdef: created
Extract data files /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat: created
Temporary files /home/oracle/ogg/dirtmp: created
Stdout files /home/oracle/ogg/dirout: created
节点二测试：
[oracle@rac2 ogg]$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.2.1.0.1 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.1_PLATFORMS_120423.0230_FBO
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Apr 23 2012 08:32:14
Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (rac2) 1>
2、目标端安装OGG
过程略.....
3、配置源端RAC数据库
（1）必须开启归档
（2）开启最小附加日志（节点一上执行）
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
Database altered.
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;
SUPPLEME
--------
YES
（3）For Oracle DB versions 11.2.0.4 and 12.1.0.2 there will be a new init.ora parameter called ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION. In order for some of the Oracle GoldenGate functionality to work, this parameter must be set to true.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION = TRUE SCOPE=BOTH;
注：不设置该参数会导致产生下面的报错：
2016-10-11 10:15:57 ERROR OGG-00446 Opening ASM file +FLASH/eisoo/archivelog/2016_10_10/thread_1_seq_101.305.924887813 in DBLOGREADER mode: (26947) ORA-26947: Oracle GoldenGate replication is not enabled.
（4）源端数据库创建GoldenGate数据库用户并授权
grant connect,
resource,
unlimited tablespace,
select any dictionary,
select any table,
alter any table,
flashback any table
to ggs
identified by ggs;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;
grant execute on utl_file to ggs;
grant insert any table,
update any table,
delete any table
to ggs;
grant select any transaction to ggs; --针对抽取进程使用DBLOGREADER参数访问ASM磁盘组，用户需要添加该权限
（5）创建测试用表
create table fst.t1 as select * from scott.emp;
alter table fst.t1 add constraint pk_t1_empno primary key (empno);
exp fst/fst tables=e01 file=t1.dmp
imp fst/fts@25 full=y file=t1.dmp --25是到目标库的TNS
（6）添加表级transdata
GGSCI (rac1) 1> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (rac1) 2> add trandata fst.t1
Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table FST.T1.
GGSCI (rac1) 27> info trandata fst.t1
Logging of supplemental redo log data is enabled for table FST.T1.
Columns supplementally logged for table FST.T1: EMPNO.
4、配置源端进程组
GGSCI (rac1) 4> edit param mgr
port 7788
userid ggs,password ggs
autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5
GGSCI (rac1) 8> add extract extnd,tranlog,begin now,threads 2 --threads 2-----针对RAC模式的必选，代表是2个节点的双实例
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (rac1) 9> ADD EXTTRAIL /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et, EXTRACT EXT1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (rac1) 10> edit params ext1
extract ext1
userid ggs@eisoo,password ggs
rmthost 192.168.200.25,mgrport 7788
exttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et
setenv(NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
--dynamicresolution
tranlogoptions dblogreader --OGG11g提供一个新的参数：DBLOGREADER,用于抽取进程访问ASM磁盘组
table fst.t1;
GGSCI (rac1) 11> add extract pump1,exttrailsource /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/et , begin now
GGSCI (rac1) 12> add rmttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1 ,extract pump1
RMTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (rac1) 13> edit params pump1
EXTRACT pump1
USERID fst, PASSWORD fst
RMTHOST 192.168.200.25, MGRPORT 7788
RMTTRAIL /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1
TABLE fst.t1;
5、配置目标数据库
grant connect,
resource,
unlimited tablespace,
select any dictionary,
select any table,
alter any table,
flashback any table
to ggs
identified by ggs;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;
grant execute on utl_file to ggs;
grant insert any table,
update any table,
delete any table
to ggs;
GGSCI (ogg) 4> edit params GLOBALS
checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
GGSCI (ogg) 5> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (ogg) 6> add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table ggs.checkpoint.
6、 配置目标端进程组
GGSCI (ogg) 8> edit params mgr
port 7788
userid ggs,password ggs
autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5
GGSCI (ogg) 15> start mgr
Manager started.
GGSCI (ogg) 16> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT STOPPED REPND 00:00:00 00:01:56
GGSCI (ogg) 9> add replicat rep1,exttrail /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/p1 , nodbcheckpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (ogg) 10> edit params rep1
replicat rep1
userid ggs,password ggs
assumetargetdefs
discardfile /home/oracle/ogg/dirdat/rep1.dsc,append
MAP fst.t1, TARGET fst.t1;
所有需要的参数文件都配置完成，按照顺序启动各个进程:
1.启动源端的管理进程
start mgr
2.启动目标端的管理进程
start mgr
3.启动目标端的复制进程
start rep1
4.启动源端的抽取进程
start ext1
5.启动源端的投递进程
start pump1
测试OGG：
在RAC源数据库更新数据
SQL> update fst.t1 set ename='shark' where empno=7788;
目标库上查看：
SQL> select * from fst.t1 where empno=7788;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 shark ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
同步成功！
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