yum 的好处及本地yum的好处不在本文讨论范畴，本文针对rhel8中的新功能yum做简要介绍和配置，在 RHEL 8中分为两个存储库:
- BaseOS
- 应用程序流（AppStream）
BaseOS中的软件包旨在提供底层操作系统功能的核心集，为所有类型的安装提供基础。Application Stream中的包包括用户空间应用程序，运行时语言和数据库，以支持各种工作负载和用例。
1.创建本地yum源
可以使用repo包创建存储库的源，也可以将DVD mount 到本地目录。
1.1. 创建挂载目录
mkdir /mnt/dvd
1.2 挂载ISO文件
将本地ISO文件挂载到挂载目录/mnt/dvd中
mount /opt/RHEL-8.0-20181113.1-Server-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt/dvd/
永久挂载ISO包
vim /etc/fstab # 添加ISO包路径到fstab 文件 /opt/RHEL-8.0-20181113.1-Server-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt/dvd iso9660 loop 0 0
1.3 创建repo文件
在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下创建一个名为local.repo的repo文件。
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo Base OS [LocalRepo_BaseOS] name=LocalRepo_BaseOS baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd/BaseOS gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/dvd/BaseOS/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release enabled=1 App Stream [LocalRepo_AppStream] name=LocalRepository_AppStream baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd/AppStream enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/dvd/AppStream/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
参数说明：
[LocalRepo] # 该部分的名称
name # 存储库的名称
baseurl # 包裹的位置
enabled # 启用存储库
gpgcheck # 启用安全安装（gpgcheck是可选的（如果设置gpgcheck = 0，则无需提及gpgkey）
gpgkey # 密钥的位置
2. 从本地yun安装软件包
2.1 清除本地缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. 0 files removed
2.2. 重建本地缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. localrepository_appstream 0.0 B/s | 0 B 00:00 local dvd yum 0.0 B/s | 0 B 00:00 Failed to synchronize cache for repo 'local_appstream', ignoring this repo. Failed to synchronize cache for repo 'yum_local', ignoring this repo. Metadata cache created.
2.3. 从本地yum 安装软件包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:52 ago on Sat 28 Sep 2019 05:44:38 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e local_appstream 1.4 M Installing dependencies: apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 local_appstream 125 k apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 local_appstream 105 k httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e local_appstream 34 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e local_appstream 101 k mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7 local_appstream 156 k redhat-logos-httpd noarch 80.7-1.el8 yum_local 25 k Installing weak dependencies: apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 local_appstream 25 k apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 local_appstream 27 k Enabling module streams: httpd 2.4 Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 9 Packages Total size: 2.0 M Installed size: 5.4 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/9 Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/9 Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/9 Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/9 Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 5/9 Installing : redhat-logos-httpd-80.7-1.el8.noarch 6/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.noarch 7/9 Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.noarch 7/9 Installing : mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64 8/9 Installing : httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 9/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.noarch 6/9 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64 8/9 Verifying : redhat-logos-httpd-80.7-1.el8.noarch 9/9 Installed products updated. Installed: httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.noarch httpd-tools-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64 mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64 redhat-logos-httpd-80.7-1.el8.noarch Complete! [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
配置完成，如有问题，请留言交流！