java集合类总结(非线程安全)

首先是一张Java集合类的大图,基本勾勒出Java集合类之间的关系(转自百度图片)

java集合类总结(非线程安全)_第1张图片

Java集合类主要分为两类:

collection:

ArrayList:数组实现,维护 table[],get时间复杂度O(1),插入、修改、删除 需要遍历数组,O(N)

LinkedList:链表实现。get时间复杂度O(N),插入、修改、删除只需要修改指针,时间复杂度O(1)

HashSet:  HashMap 实现,key=  ,value=default,无序

LinkedHashSet:LinkedHashMap实现。

TreeSet:有序,采用红黑树的数据结构来存储集合元素。TreeSet支持两种排序方式: 自然排序、定制排序

map:

HashMap: 负载因子,当threshold=8 时,哈希冲突链表转为 红黑树。保证插入、遍历效率

                              当threashold=6时,由红黑树转为链表实现。

LinkedHashMap: 有序HashMap,通过继承Node结构,添加 prev\next指针实现。 

有两种迭代顺序,插入顺序&访问顺序。

访问顺序,LRU逻辑每次访问到的元素会调整位置,加到链表的尾部。再重写removeEldest 可以实现LRU缓存。

                       

fail-fast机制:

多线程环境下,对集合添加、修改、删除 都可能触发。

不保证一定有效。因为 modCount字段不能保证可见性。

AbstractList中实现,在迭代器中实现

  private class Itr implements Iterator {
        /**
         * Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.
         */
        int cursor = 0;

        /**
         * Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
         * previous.  Reset to -1 if this element is deleted by a call
         * to remove.
         */
        int lastRet = -1;

        /**
         * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
         * List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
         * has detected concurrent modification.
         */
        int expectedModCount = modCount;

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size();
        }

        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                int i = cursor;
                E next = get(i);
                lastRet = i;
                cursor = i + 1;
                return next;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                checkForComodification();
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
                if (lastRet < cursor)
                    cursor--;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }

        final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }



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