yum相关配置

1.配置Yum仓库及客户端及验证

问题

1)搭建一个本地Yum,将RHEL6光盘手动挂载到/media
2)将本地设置为客户端,进行Yum验证
3)查询yum库中是否有firefox包
4)利用yum安装bind包

方案

YUM服务器配置思路:
第一步:确保光驱电源加电,放入RHEL6光盘的iso镜像
第二步:ls -l /dev/cdrom 查看linux系统是否识别光驱设备
第三步:创建挂载目录:mkdir /myiso (或也可以使用linux系统提供的挂载目录/media、/mnt)
第四步:利用mount命令挂载:mount /dev/cdrom /myiso
第五步:查看挂载情况:mount | grep myiso
YUM客户端配置思路:
第一步:切换路径到客户端配置文件路径下:cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
第二步:复制配置文件,新文件命名为以“.repo”结尾:cp rhel-source.repo dvd.repo
第三步:更改配置文件dvd.repo。
必须更改的字段:
1)【】”内容要唯一所以要更改,注意不要有空格
2)“baseurl”此字段指定软件包目录,注意路径写对。file:后要有三个“/”
3)“enabled”此字段要至于“1”,代表启用

步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:搭建一个本地Yum,将RHEL6光盘手动挂载到/media
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/cdrom           //先卸掉其自动挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1
/dev/sr0 on /media type iso9660 (ro)
[root@localhost ~]#

步骤二:将本地设置为客户端,进行Yum验证
Yum客户端需编辑配置文件,命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/         //必须在这个路径下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls                  //此路径下事先有配置文件的模板
rhel-source.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-source.repo rhel6.repo //配置文件必须以.repo结尾
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim rhel6.repo
[rhel-6]                                     //中括号里内容要求唯一,但不要出现特殊字符
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6           //此为描述信息,可以看情况填写
baseurl=file:///media/                     //此项为yum软件仓库位置,指向光盘挂载点
enabled=1                                   //此项为是否开启,1为开启0为不开启
gpgcheck=1                                  //此项为是否检查签名,1为监测0为不检测
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release  //签名认证信息的路径
……
"rhel6.repo" 6L, 145C                                              1,1          全部
[root@localhost /]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
rhel-6                                                         | 3.9 kB     00:00 ... 
rhel-6/primary_db                                             | 3.1 MB     00:00 ... 
repo id             repo name                                                  status
rhel-6              Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                                3,690
repolist: 3,690
[root@localhost /]#

步骤三:查询yum库中是否有firefox包
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum list | grep firefox
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
firefox.x86_64                         17.0.10-1.el6_4                    @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5
firefox.i686                           17.0.10-1.el6_4                    rhel-6
[root@localhost /]#

步骤四:利用yum安装bind包
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install bind
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
……

步骤五:分页查看/root/install.log
命令操作如下所示:

 [root@localhost ~]# less /root/install.log
…… 

2.使用Yum管理软件包

问题

1)利用yum repolist列出可用Yum仓库信息
2)利用Yum安装bind
3)利用Yum卸载bind
4)利用yum search查询与httpd相关的包
5)利用yum info查询firefox包描述信息

方案

Yum在使用方面,几乎rpm能够做到的事情,Yum也能够做到。此外Yum还具备自动解决依赖关系的功能。
常用的Yum操作:
yum install 软件名:安装一个软件包
yum remove 软件名:卸载一个软件包

步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:利用yum repolist列出可用Yum仓库信息
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id                               repo name                                                  status
rhel-6           Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                               3,690
repolist: 3,690
[root@localhost /]#

步骤二:利用Yum安装bind
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y remove bind
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
……
[root@localhost /]# yum -y install bind
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================
 Package          Arch               Version                                  Repository          Size
=======================================================================================================
Installing:
 bind             x86_64             32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6                rhel-6             4.0 M
……

步骤三:利用Yum卸载bind
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y remove bind
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
……
 [root@localhost ~]#

步骤四:利用yum search查询与httpd相关的包
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum search httpd
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
========================================= N/S Matched: httpd ==========================================
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
httpd-devel.i686 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server
httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server
mod_dav_svn.x86_64 : Apache httpd module for Subversion server
mod_dnssd.x86_64 : An Apache HTTPD module which adds Zeroconf support

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@localhost /]#

步骤五:利用yum info查询firefox包描述信息
命令操作如下所示:

root@localhost /]# yum info firefox
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Installed Packages
Name        : firefox
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 17.0.10
Release     : 1.el6_4
Size        : 29 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64
Summary     : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
URL         : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/
License     : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Description : Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
            : compliance, performance and portability.

Available Packages
Name        : firefox
Arch        : i686
Version     : 17.0.10
Release     : 1.el6_4
Size        : 25 M
Repo        : rhel-6
Summary     : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
URL         : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/
License     : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Description : Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
            : compliance, performance and portability.

[root@localhost /]#

3.使用Yum管理软件组

问题

1)安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
2)卸载“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
3)用英文方式安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
4)查询“开发工具”软件组,详细信息

方案

Yum仓库还具备管理软件包组的功能。
常用的Yum操作:
yum grouplist:查看软件组列表
yum groupinfo:查看软件组的说明信息
yum groupinstall:安装指定的软件组
yum groupupdate:升级软件组
yum groupremove:卸载软件组
安装RHEL6图形环境:

[root@localhost ~]# LANG=en
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop" "Fonts" "X Window 

System"

安装RHEL6开发环境:

[root@localhost ~]# LANG=en
root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupinstall " MySQL 数据库服务器"

步骤二:卸载“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupremove " MySQL 数据库服务器"

步骤三:用英文方式安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]#LANG=en yum –y groupinstall "MySQL Database server"

步骤四:查询“开发工具”软件组,详细信息
命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupinfo "开发工具"

4.安装源代码软件

问题

1)编译安装httpd网站服务软件,开启httpd服务并确认结果
2)编译安装aria2下载工具

方案

首先要准备开发环境,可以利用yum安装gcc、make等工具,或安装开发工具软件包组。
1)解包 tar 【释放源代码至指定目录】
2)配置 【指定安装目录/功能模块等选项】
./configure --prefix=安装目录
** 查看配置帮助 ./configure --help | less
** 此步骤成功后会生成 Makefile 文件
3)编译 make 【生成可执行的二进制程序文件】
4)安装 make install 【将编译好的文件复制到预先配置的安装目录】

步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:编译安装、使用httpd网站服务软件
1)部署编译安装环境
可以通过安装“开发工具”包组,也可以通过命令“yum –y install gcc*”来实现。命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install gcc*
[root@localhost /]# gcc --version      			//查看gcc编译器版本
gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)
Copyright ? 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
本程序是自由软件;请参看源代码的版权声明。本软件没有任何担保;
包括没有适销性和某一专用目的下的适用性担保。
 [root@localhost /]# make --version      		//查看make工具版本
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
[root@localhost /]#  					

2)获得httpd源代码包,利用tar命令解包
本例中利用VMware Tools工具,将httpd源码包上传到Linux服务器上,然后利用tar命令解包,相关命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost 桌面]# pwd
/root/桌面
[root@localhost 桌面]# ls
httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz
[root@localhost 桌面]# tar -zxf httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost 桌面]# ls /usr/src
debug  httpd-2.2.25  kernels  vmware-tools-distrib
[root@localhost 桌面]#

3)切换到解压目录,配置编译参数

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.25/
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache  //配置
……

4)依次执行编译、安装过程

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make    					//编译
……
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make install   			//安装
……

5)确认安装结果,并启用httpd服务
查看安装完成后的程序目录:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

开启httpd服务(运行脚本):

 [root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

通过本机的Firefox浏览器访问 http://localhost/,应该能看到“IT Works! ”的默认网页,如图-1所示,说明httpd安装并运行成功。
yum相关配置_第1张图片

步骤二:编译安装aria2下载工具
1)解包、进入源码目录:

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /root/桌面
[root@localhost 桌面]# tar zxf aria2-1.17.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost 桌面]# cd aria2-1.17.1

2)配置,./configure :

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# ./configure
.. ..
Message Digest: yes
WebSocket:      yes
Libaria2:       no
bash_completion dir: ${datarootdir}/doc/${PACKAGE_TARNAME}/bash_completion
Static build:

3)编译、安装,make && make install
其中&&符号为连接符号,意思是前边命令执行成功后则执行后面命令:

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# make && make install   
.. ..
make[2]: Entering directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/doc/aria2'
 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 README README.rst '/usr/local/share/doc/aria2'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'

4)程序测试
在此前安装的httpd网站根目录下建立一个测试文件,比如可以将/boot/目录下vmlinuz开头的内核文件复制过去:

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl
[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# ls -lh /usr/local/apache/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M 09-27 17:30 /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl
然后使用aria2c下载vmlinuz.knl文件,下载格式“aria2c  文件的URL”,若成功下载所要的文件,说明程序顺利安装并可正常使用:
[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# cd   						//返回root的宿主目录
[root@localhost ~]# aria2c http://localhost/vmlinuz.knl  	//执行下载

09/27 17:34:04 [NOTICE] Download complete: /root/vmlinuz.knl

下载结果:
gid   |stat|avg speed  |path/URI
======+====+===========+=======================================================
48e71e|OK  |   289MiB/s|/root/vmlinuz.knl

状态标识:
(OK):完成下载。
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh vmlinuz.knl  				//确认下载结果
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M 09-27 17:34 vmlinuz.knl

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