apt install vagrant
可以去官网查找需要的box
vagrant box add generic/ubuntu1804
执行上面的命令可以下载一个box,这里会有一个重定向的过程,实际上文件是从提供方的服务器上下载,而不是vagrant的服务器上下载。并且这里不像docker一样有官方的服务,都是第三方提供。
这个box和docker里image概念比较像。文件会下载到默认位置,也是使用类似aufs的文件管理方式来应对多个实例
以下载ubuntu18.04为例
vagrant box add \
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box \
--name ubuntu/bionic
创建一个空文件夹,进去
vagrant init generic/ubuntu1804
如果是使用清华的box则执行下面的
vagrant init ubuntu/bionic
执行上面的命令后会在文件夹里创建一个Vagrantfile,这个文件内容和网站一样,只是有更多的参数说明。全文如下:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "generic/ubuntu1804"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
然后执行下面命令启动
vagrant up
但是可能会报错:
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'libvirt' provider...
Error while connecting to libvirt: Error making a connection to libvirt URI qemu:///system?no_verify=1&keyfile=/root/.ssh/id_rsa:
Call to virConnectOpen failed: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': No such file or directory
根据网上的方案执行下面命令安装一个第三方库
apt install -y libvirt-daemon-system
另一个方法是使用virtualbox
apt install -y virtualbox
apt install -y virtualbox-dkms
systemctl start virtualbox
启动成功后控制台会打印一些信息
通过vagrant ssh进入虚拟机,然后sudo su直接切换root账号
通过修改Vagrantfile写入下面两行开启dhcp获取独立ip的形式(第二行是本来就由,取消注释就可以了),更多功能参见官网
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "public_network",
use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true
end
然后启动的时候会提示使用哪个网卡,选物理网卡即可。启动后使用ip a会看到三条记录,除了lo就是一个nat和一个bridged。
看上去vagrant使用的内存单位是M,可以通过打开Vagrantfile来修改内存和CPU
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.memory = 8192
v.cpus = 2
end
主要下面end的注释要打开。
更全面的配置(例如hostname)可以参考官网说明