基于IDEA做的Android的MQTT客户端开发,没有运用太多android技术,纯净版开发。不做过多MQTT的介绍及服务器的配置,直接上代码。
第一步,新建一个Android项目,在项目目录下的build.gradle中的repositories添加如下设置:
maven {
url "https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/"
}
第二步,app目录下的build.gradle中的dependencies引入:
implementation 'org.eclipse.paho:org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3:1.1.1'
第三步,在AndroidManifest中的manifest标签加入如下权限:
第四步,代码实现:
为了方便测试我写了一个MQTT实体类,目的是默认填写一个服务器连接。需要写新的连接可以new对象。
/**
* MQTT连接实体类,作用是自定义配置连接信息,以实现默认链接
* 构造方法一定要写!
* @author Peng
*/
public class MQTTentity {
//以下请自己配置否则MainActivity中button_login的监听会有问题
private String host;
private String userName;
private String passWord;
private String timeTopic;
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassWord() {
return passWord;
}
public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
this.passWord = passWord;
}
public String getTimeTopic() {
return timeTopic;
}
public void setTimeTopic(String timeTopic) {
this.timeTopic = timeTopic;
}
public MQTTentity() {
}
public MQTTentity(String host, String userName, String passWord, String timeTopic) {
this.host = host;
this.userName = userName;
this.passWord = passWord;
this.timeTopic = timeTopic;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MQTTentity{" +
"host='" + host + '\'' +
", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
", passWord='" + passWord + '\'' +
", timeTopic='" + timeTopic + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
然后在MainActivity中先声明MQTT实体和相关配置类:
//我们自己新建的MQTT实体类
private MQTTentity mqttentity;
private MqttClient client;
private MqttConnectOptions options;
//以下两个声明目的是为了实现MQTT消息在testview刷新
private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
private Handler handler;
同时别忘了声明自己定义的button、textview、edittext等控件。
为了保证每个客户端在安装的时候不会冲突,在获取MQTT连接的时候不会出错,需要先写一个获取IMEI的方法,保证各个client唯一。
/**
* 获取手机imei
* @param context
* @param slotId
* @return
*/
public static String getIMEI(Context context, int slotId) {
try {
TelephonyManager manager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
Method method = manager.getClass().getMethod("getImei", int.class);
String imei = (String) method.invoke(manager, slotId);
return imei;
} catch (Exception e) {
return "";
}
}
接下来对MQTT进行初始化,我编了一个init()方法:
/**
* MQTT初始化连接
*/
private void init(MQTTentity mqttentity) {
try {
String imei = getIMEI(MainActivity.this, 0);
//host为主机名,test为clientid即连接MQTT的客户端ID,一般以客户端唯一标识符表示,MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(mqttentity.getHost(), imei, new MemoryPersistence());
//MQTT的连接设置
options = new MqttConnectOptions();
//设置是否清空session,这里如果设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录,这里设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接
options.setCleanSession(true);
//设置连接的用户名
options.setUserName(mqttentity.getUserName());
//设置连接的密码
options.setPassword(mqttentity.getPassWord().toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间 单位为秒
options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
// 设置会话心跳时间 单位为秒 服务器会每隔1.5*20秒的时间向客户端发送个消息判断客户端是否在线,但这个方法并没有重连的机制
options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
//设置回调
client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
@Override
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
//连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连
System.out.println("connectionLost----------");
}
@Override
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
//publish后会执行到这里
System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------"
+ token.isComplete());
}
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topicName, MqttMessage message) {
//subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面
System.out.println("messageArrived----------");
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = 1; //收到消息标志位
msg.obj = topicName + "_" + message.toString();
handler.sendMessage(msg); // hander 回传
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
初始化完成后就是建立连接并设置重连,以确保连接断开后自动重连:
/**
* MQTT建立连接及重连
*/
private void startReconnect() {
scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (!client.isConnected()) {
connect();
}
}
}, 0, 10 * 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
以上基本完成所有工作,先看下效果图:
下面贴上MainActivity,XML布局就不贴了,自己设置布局并给每个控件添加ID就好:
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//服务器参数配置
private MQTTentity mqttentity;
private MqttClient client;
private MqttConnectOptions options;
private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
private Handler handler;
private TextView textView;
private EditText textView_intip;
private EditText textView_intid;
private EditText textView_intpwd;
private EditText textView_inttopic;
private EditText textView_send;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
textView = findViewById(R.id.text_show);
textView_intip = findViewById(R.id.textView_intip);
textView_intid = findViewById(R.id.textView_intid);
textView_intpwd = findViewById(R.id.textView_intpwd);
textView_inttopic = findViewById(R.id.textView_inttopic);
textView_send = findViewById(R.id.textView_send);
Button button_defaultlogin = findViewById(R.id.button_defaultlogin);
Button button_login = findViewById(R.id.button_login);
Button button_publish = findViewById(R.id.button_publish);
button_defaultlogin.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mqttentity = new MQTTentity();
init(mqttentity);
startReconnect();
}
});
button_login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String host = textView_intip.getText().toString();
String id = textView_intid.getText().toString();
String pwd = textView_intpwd.getText().toString();
String topic = textView_inttopic.getText().toString();
if (host.length() != 0 && id.length() != 0 && pwd .length() != 0 && topic .length() != 0){
mqttentity = new MQTTentity(host,id,pwd,topic);
init(mqttentity);
startReconnect();
}else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请输入完整连接信息!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
button_publish.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String send = textView_send.getText().toString();
if (mqttentity != null && send.length() != 0){
publish(mqttentity.getTimeTopic(),send);
}else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请检查连接或信息!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
handler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.what == 1){
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String) msg.obj, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
textView.setText((String) msg.obj);
}else if (msg.what == 2){
try {
client.subscribe(mqttentity.getTimeTopic(), 1);//订阅主题“timeTopic”
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else if (msg.what == 3){
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接失败,系统正在重连", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
return false;
}
});
}
/**
* MQTT初始化连接
*/
private void init(MQTTentity mqttentity) {
try {
String imei = getIMEI(MainActivity.this, 0);
//host为主机名,test为clientid即连接MQTT的客户端ID,一般以客户端唯一标识符表示,MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(mqttentity.getHost(), imei, new MemoryPersistence());
//MQTT的连接设置
options = new MqttConnectOptions();
//设置是否清空session,这里如果设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录,这里设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接
options.setCleanSession(true);
//设置连接的用户名
options.setUserName(mqttentity.getUserName());
//设置连接的密码
options.setPassword(mqttentity.getPassWord().toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间 单位为秒
options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
// 设置会话心跳时间 单位为秒 服务器会每隔1.5*20秒的时间向客户端发送个消息判断客户端是否在线,但这个方法并没有重连的机制
options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
//设置回调
client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
@Override
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
//连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连
System.out.println("connectionLost----------");
}
@Override
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
//publish后会执行到这里
System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------"
+ token.isComplete());
}
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topicName, MqttMessage message) {
//subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面
System.out.println("messageArrived----------");
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = 1; //收到消息标志位
msg.obj = topicName + "_" + message.toString();
handler.sendMessage(msg); // hander 回传
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取手机imei
* @param context
* @param slotId
* @return
*/
public static String getIMEI(Context context, int slotId) {
try {
TelephonyManager manager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
Method method = manager.getClass().getMethod("getImei", int.class);
String imei = (String) method.invoke(manager, slotId);
return imei;
} catch (Exception e) {
return "";
}
}
/**
* MQTT建立连接及重连
*/
private void startReconnect() {
scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (!client.isConnected()) {
connect();
}
}
}, 0, 10 * 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
/**
* MQTT连接状态鉴别
*/
private void connect() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
client.connect(options);
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = 2;
handler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = 3;
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 向Topic发送消息
* @param topic
* @param sendMessage
*/
public void publish(String topic,String sendMessage){
Integer qos = 0;
Boolean retained = false;
try {
if (client != null){
client.publish(topic, sendMessage.getBytes(), qos.intValue(), retained.booleanValue());
}
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
try {
scheduler.shutdown();
client.disconnect();
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
以上参考于博主asjqkkkk的Android开发之MQTT的使用。他使用的是绑定服务的方式,我不太会,做了修改直接在MainActivity中做的部署。