linux操作系统基础之软件安装与卸载
文章目录
- ubuntu
- 1. 寻找国内镜像源
- 2. 备份Ubuntu默认的源地址
- 3. 更新源服务器列表
- 4. 更新源
- 5. Ubuntu软件操作的相关命令
- 6. sudo apt-get update 更新源
- Centos
- 1、备份
- 2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
- CentOS 5
- 3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存
- 相关链接
- 阿里云很全的文档
ubuntu
所谓的镜像源：可以理解为提供下载软件的地方，比如Android手机上可以下载软件的91手机助手；iOS手机上可以下载软件的AppStore
1. 寻找国内镜像源
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
http://mirrors.163.com/
总之一百度 一大堆 “国内镜像源”
2. 备份Ubuntu默认的源地址
修改阿里源为Ubuntu 18.04默认的源
备份/etc/apt/sources.list
#备份
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
在/etc/apt/sources.list文件前面添加如下条目
#添加阿里源
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3. 更新源服务器列表
用阿里云举例
ubuntu
域名说明
对于阿里云ECS用户，可以直接使用内部域名访问，而对于非云用户则需要使用公网域名 mirrors.aliyun.com 来访问。
图形界面配置
新手推荐使用图形界面配置： 系统设置 -> 软件和更新 选择下载服务器 -> “mirrors.aliyun.com”
手动更改
用你熟悉的编辑器打开：
/etc/apt/sources.list
替换默认的
http://archive.ubuntu.com/
为
mirrors.aliyun.com
以Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS为例，最后的效果如下：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
ubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
参考链接
官方主页: http://www.ubuntu.com/
邮件列表: http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community/mailinglists
论坛: http://ubuntuforums.org/
中文论坛: http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/
Wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/
帮助: https://help.ubuntu.com/
4. 更新源
做完此步骤之后，就可以进行apt-get install 下载了
5. Ubuntu软件操作的相关命令
6. sudo apt-get update 更新源
- sudo apt-get install package 安装包
- sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
- sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
- sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
- sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包
- sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装
- sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
- sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
- sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
- sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
- sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
- sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
- sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
- sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
- sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖
Centos
CentOS
1、备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存
相关链接
官方主页: http://www.centos.org/
邮件列表: http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=16
论坛: http://www.centos.org/modules/newbb/
文档: http://www.centos.org/docs/
Wiki: http://wiki.centos.org/
阿里云很全的文档
访问这个网址
https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
