Contents
这是可供参考的常用命令列表
列出所有的用户
$ openstack user list
列出认证服务目录
$ openstack catalog list
列出您可以访问的镜像
$ openstack image list
删除指定的镜像
$ openstack image delete IMAGE
描述一个指定的镜像
$ openstack image show IMAGE
更新镜像
$ openstack image set IMAGE
上传内核镜像
$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart-kernel" \ --disk-format aki --container-format aki --public \ --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-kernel
上传RAM镜像
$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart-ramdisk" \ --disk-format ari --container-format ari --public \ --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-initramfs
上传第三方镜像
$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart" --disk-format ami \ --container-format ami --public \ --property kernel_id=$KID-property ramdisk_id=$RID \ --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-rootfs.img
注册raw镜像
$ openstack image create "cirros-raw" --disk-format raw \ --container-format bare --public \ --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img
列出实例,核实实例状态
$ openstack server list
列出镜像
$ openstack image list
Create a flavor named m1.tiny
$ openstack flavor create --ram 512 --disk 1 --vcpus 1 m1.tiny
列出规格类型
$ openstack flavor list
用类型和镜像名称(如果名称唯一)来启动云主机
$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR INSTANCE_NAME $ openstack server create --image cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec --flavor m1.tiny \ MyFirstInstance
Log in to the instance (from Linux)
注解
The ip command is available only on Linux. Using ip netns provides your environment a copy of the network stack with its own routes, firewall rules, and network devices for better troubleshooting.
# ip netns # ip netns exec NETNS_NAME ssh USER@SERVER # ip netns exec qdhcp-6021a3b4-8587-4f9c-8064-0103885dfba2 \ ssh [email protected]
注解
In CirrOS, the password for user cirros
is cubswin:)
. For any other operating system, use SSH keys.
Log in to the instance with a public IP address (from Mac)
$ ssh [email protected]
显示实例详细信息
$ openstack server show NAME $ openstack server show MyFirstInstance
查看云主机的控制台日志
$ openstack console log show MyFirstInstance
设置云主机的元数据
$ nova meta volumeTwoImage set newmeta='my meta data'
创建一个实例快照
$ openstack image create volumeTwoImage snapshotOfVolumeImage $ openstack image show snapshotOfVolumeImage
暂停
$ openstack server pause NAME $ openstack server pause volumeTwoImage
取消挂起
$ openstack server unpause NAME
挂起
$ openstack server suspend NAME
Unsuspend
$ openstack server resume NAME
关机
$ openstack server stop NAME
开始
$ openstack server start NAME
恢复
$ openstack server rescue NAME $ openstack server rescue NAME --rescue_image_ref RESCUE_IMAGE
调整大小
$ openstack server resize NAME FLAVOR $ openstack server resize my-pem-server m1.small $ openstack server resize --confirm my-pem-server1
重建
$ openstack server rebuild NAME IMAGE $ openstack server rebuild newtinny cirros-qcow2
重启
$ openstack server reboot NAME $ openstack server reboot newtinny
将用户数据和文件注入到实例
$ openstack server create --user-data FILE INSTANCE $ openstack server create --user-data userdata.txt --image cirros-qcow2 \ --flavor m1.tiny MyUserdataInstance2
使用ssh连接到实例,查看``/var/lib/cloud``验证文件是否成功注入
给实例注入一个密钥对并通过密钥对来访问实例
创建秘钥对
$ openstack keypair create test > test.pem $ chmod 600 test.pem
启动实例
$ openstack server create --image cirros-0.3.5-x86_64 --flavor m1.small \ --key-name test MyFirstServer
使用ssh连接到实例
# ip netns exec qdhcp-98f09f1e-64c4-4301-a897-5067ee6d544f \ ssh -i test.pem [email protected]
管理安全组
在默认的安全组中,添加ping和SSH规则
$ openstack security group rule create default \ --remote-group default --protocol icmp $ openstack security group rule create default \ --remote-group default --dst-port 22
创建网络
$ openstack network create NETWORK_NAME
创建子网
$ openstack subnet create --subnet-pool SUBNET --network NETWORK SUBNET_NAME $ openstack subnet create --subnet-pool 10.0.0.0/29 --network net1 subnet1
用于管理连接到实例的卷和卷快照。
创建一个新卷
$ openstack volume create --size SIZE_IN_GB NAME $ openstack volume create --size 1 MyFirstVolume
启动实例并将它链接到卷上
$ openstack server create --image cirros-qcow2 --flavor m1.tiny MyVolumeInstance
列出所有卷,注意卷状态
$ openstack volume list
当实例为正常状态且卷为可用状态时,将卷连接到实例。
$ openstack server add volume INSTANCE_ID VOLUME_ID $ openstack server add volume MyVolumeInstance 573e024d-5235-49ce-8332-be1576d323f8
注解
在Xen Hypervisor可以指定具体的设备名,而不使用自动分配的名称,例如:
$ openstack server add volume --device /dev/vdb MyVolumeInstance 573e024d..1576d323f8 This is not currently possible when using non-Xen hypervisors with OpenStack.
登陆进实例之后管理卷组
列出存储器
# fdisk -l
在卷上建立文件系统
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb
创建一个挂载点
# mkdir /myspace
在挂载点挂载卷
# mount /dev/vdb /myspace
在卷上创建一个文件
# touch /myspace/helloworld.txt # ls /myspace
卸载卷
# umount /myspace
展示账户,容器以及对象的信息
$ swift stat $ swift stat ACCOUNT $ swift stat CONTAINER $ swift stat OBJECT
列出容器
$ swift list